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The Museum of Fine Arts of Alexander III (State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.

S. Pushkin) was opened

May 31 (June 13), 1912 in Moscow on Volkhonka on the territory of the former Kolymazhny yard near the Kremlin, the opening of the Museum of Fine Arts took place in a solemn atmosphere named after Emperor Alexander III (now the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts).

The initiator of the creation of the museum in 1893 was the Honored Professor of Moscow State University, Doctor of Roman Literature and art historian IV Tsvetaev. The construction of the building was led by the Moscow architect R. I. Klein. Architect G. B. Barkhin, artists I. I. Nivinsky, A. Ya. Golovin and others participated in the decoration of the interiors, the style of which corresponded to the exhibits placed in the halls.

The museum was created on the basis of the Cabinet of Fine Arts and Antiquities of Moscow University as an educational, auxiliary and public repository of casts and copies of classical works of world art. The initial collection of the Museum included casts of outstanding works of European sculpture, a unique collection of monuments of art and material culture of Ancient Egypt compiled by the Egyptologist V. S. Golenishchev (about 6 thousand items), a number of original Western European paintings (mainly of the Dutch, French and Italian schools), a valuable collection of antique vases and coins.

After the revolution, the museum was taken out of subordination to the university and turned from an educational auxiliary into an independent art museum. From 1924 to 1930 the collection of the Museum was replenished with exhibits from the nationalized Moscow estates, from the former collections of G. A. Brocard, D. I. Shchukin, the liquidated Museum of Icon Painting and Painting by I. S. Ostroukhov; from the Historical Museum, the Kremlin Museums, the Tretyakov Gallery, non-core for them works of Western European art were transferred.

The collection of the Museum of Fine Arts has also been greatly enriched by materials from archaeological excavations of the ancient cities of the Northern Black Sea region. Of decisive importance for the formation of the art gallery were receipts from the State Hermitage Museum, from where the works of the largest European painters — Botticelli, Rembrandt, van Dyck, Rubens, Poussin, Murillo, Canaletto were transferred.

In 1932 the Museum of Fine Arts was renamed the State Museum of Fine Arts, at 19In 1937 he was named after A.S. Pushkin (The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts).

Currently in the complex of buildings of the Pushkin Museum im. A. S. Pushkin includes the Main Building, the Museum of Private Collections, the Gallery of Art of the Countries of Europe and America of the XIX-XX centuries, the Children’s Center «Museion». As departments of the Pushkin Museum, there are also the Educational Museum named after I.V. Tsvetaev and the Svyatoslav Richter Memorial Apartment.

The museum’s collection includes over 560 thousand works of painting and sculpture, graphic works, works of applied art, archeological and numismatic monuments, art photography. The manuscript fund contains documents on the history of the museum, the scientific and epistolary heritage of its founder, other museum figures, major art critics and artists, archives of some museums whose collections were received by the Pushkin Museum.

In 1991, the State Museum of Fine Arts. A. S. Pushkin — one of the largest and most significant Russian museums of European and world art, was included in the State Code of Especially Valuable Objects of Cultural Heritage of the Peoples of the Russian Federation.

Lit.: Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. Picture gallery catalog. Painting. Sculpture, M., 1961; Demskaya A.A., Smirnova L.M. Museum on Volkhonka. M., 1982; 50th Anniversary of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts: Sat. articles. M., 1962.

State Museum of Fine Arts. A. S. Pushkin: site. B. d. URL: http://www.arts-museum.ru/.

See also in the Presidential Library:

Regulations on the Committee for the device at the Moscow University of the Museum of Fine Arts. imp. Alexander III and the heads of them. M., 1896;

The list of objects of historical and cultural heritage of federal (all-Russian) significance was approved // On this day. February 20 1995 g.

Fine watercolor brush. returned names.

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Artists

One of the largest collections of the Perm Gallery is a collection of original drawings. Watercolors, drawings in charcoal, ink, pencil — it is in this amazing, rich and beautiful collection that three exquisite portrait watercolors of the first half of the 19th century are stored, which will be discussed today. The history of their admission — then still in the Art Department of the Perm Scientific and Industrial Museum — is both dramatic and, at the same time, almost ordinary for the difficult post-revolutionary period.

A. Lauterbach. Portrait of Karl Krutch. 1830s From the collection of the Perm Art Gallery

Watercolors previously belonged to the Teploukhov family, in 1919 they were confiscated by the Cheka in the village of Ilyinsky, and then transferred to the museum collection. The dry lines of the document do not give us an indication of the owners at the time of the seizure, but refer to the name of a person significant not only for the Kama region, but also for Russia.

A. Lauterbach. Portrait of Augusta Krutch. 1830s From the collection of the Perm Art Gallery

Alexander Efimovich Teploukhov (1811-1885) — Russian arborist, archaeologist, local historian, our countryman, by birth a serf of the Stroganovs. The fate of this amazing person was unusual and in many ways happy. He graduated from the Saxon Forest Academy (Tarandt, near Dresden), traveled around Europe, wrote scientific papers, and practiced forestry. In his spare time from his main studies, Teploukhov collected an archaeological collection, conducted excavations, and took part in all-Russian archaeological congresses. At 19In 1919, a significant part of his diverse collection entered the Perm Museum, but the watercolors in question were not acquired for the purpose of collecting, their history is deeply personal. According to the intimate nature of those depicted, it can be assumed that these are portraits of people from the family circle. Before us is a European-looking, lean, elderly man in an academic cap, a respectable lady in a strict closed dress, and a young girl with a lively, open look in cornflower blue eyes.

A. Lauterbach. Portrait of Rosamund Krutch. 1830s From the collection of the Perm Art Gallery

The beauty of soft colors, the charm of images, make us admire them even now, after a century and a half since their creation. By the middle of the 19th century, the watercolor portrait became widespread and entered the everyday culture of European and Russian society. There was a special style of writing. In the work of glazing, in stages, with the help of transparent paint layers, where each subsequent layer is applied after the previous one has completely dried, an amazing watercolor painting was created. The transparency and purity of watercolors, when paper shines through them, the accuracy of modeling, the freedom and virtuosity of the colorful stroke make portraits created by the best masters of the era alive and natural. One hundred years ago, hard-to-read inscriptions in a foreign language on two portraits were deciphered as «Portrait of Karl Couch» and «Augusta Coach.» Under such names, the watercolors are recorded in the carefully preserved old book of receipts of the Perm Gallery. The third portrait is called «Portrait of an unknown girl» at all. And only the authorship is indisputable, the artist’s autograph — Lauterbach, is well read. Who are these people?

As already mentioned, the life of Alexander Teploukhov was extraordinary and rich in events, including romantic ones: in 1843, the young man married the daughter of the professor of the Tarandt Forestry Academy, Karl Krutch, Rosamund. The young went to permanent residence in Russia, initially to St. Petersburg, and then to the distant Perm province. The tradition of the time to give watercolor portraits comes in handy. In noble houses, portraits adorned living rooms and offices, they were given as a keepsake as a token of love and respect. It is with such portraits, apparently, that we are dealing. Deciphering the signatures under the portraits gave the result: “Karl Leberecht Krutch. Births May 23, 1773”, “Augusta Krutch, Kesten. Births 1790″. Who then is the unknown girl?

It must be said that until now local historians have not had at their disposal the original images of Teploukhov’s German relatives. There was only a black-and-white photograph, presumably of the beginning of the 19th century, from a picturesque (watercolor) portrait of Teploukhov’s wife, Rosamund. It is this photograph that is in the exposition of the Ilyinsky Museum of Local Lore. One look at her is enough to understand that we are facing an unknown girl from the watercolors of the Perm Collection. Family tradition, carefully preserved by the descendants of the Teploukhovs, says that the original portrait is kept in the Dresden Gallery. But is it really so? Interest was also aroused by the author of watercolors Lauterbach, information about which could not be found.

The request to the Dresden Gallery was successful. It turned out that the works of August Lauterbach are indeed kept in the collection of the engravings cabinet of the gallery, this is a watercolor «Portrait of an unknown young man» and two male portraits made in etching. Even our Saxon colleagues have little information about the artist, so this is especially valuable. August Lauterbach lived and worked in the kingdom of Saxony in the 1800s-1850s. His name appears in the catalogs of the annual exhibitions of the Dresden Academy in 1823 and 1846.