Girl names of the 1920s: 1920s Girl Names With Vintage Va-Va-Voom

Boys Names

James originates from the Hebrew name Jacob and means ‘follower’. The name James peaked during the late 1920’s and continues to remain popular today, however previously nicknames such as ‘Jim or ‘Jamie’ would replace James, whereas today it’s most popular form is James itself.

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the funniest and most ridiculous names of the Soviet era

Names of Soviet origin are personal names that exist in the languages ​​of the peoples of the former USSR, for example, in Russian, Tatar and Ukrainian, which appeared after the October Revolution of 1917 during the heyday of neologisms and neologisms in the Soviet Union. abbreviations.

The breaking of the old social foundations and traditions of naming, associated primarily with the obligatory choice of a name for a newborn according to the calendar during the rite of baptism, provided parents with greater freedom in choosing names for their children. Various common nouns began to be used as personal names: plant names (Birch, Carnation, Oak), minerals (Ruby, Granite), chemical elements (Radium, Tungsten, Iridium), toponyms (Volga, Himalaya, Kazbek, Onega), technical and mathematical terms (Median, Diesel, Combine, Railcar), professions (Tankman), and other words colored by revolutionary ideology (Idea, Decembrist, Comrade, Will, Dawn, Atheist, Freedom). Derivative forms were also formed (Noyabrina, Traktorina). Such name-creation is sometimes called semantic anthroponymization.

A large array of personal neologism names was formed from revolutionary slogans, the names of some bodies of the new government, as well as from the names and surnames of revolutionary leaders and communist leaders (Vladlen, Damir, Kim, Roy, Elina).

Many borrowed names also belong to the names of Soviet origin. It was after the October Revolution that there was a significant influx of foreign names into the Russian language. Some of them were directly associated with the leaders of the international communist movement (Rose — in honor of Rosa Luxemburg, Ernst — in honor of Ernst Thalmann), some were associated with the heroes of «progressive»
translated literary works or historical figures (Jeanne, Eric, Rudolf, Robert).

In the post-revolutionary era, non-canonical (not marked in church calendars) Old Russian and Old Slavic names, as well as names that exist in other Slavic languages ​​(Svetozar, Peresvet, Mstislav, Miloslava, Lubomir, Vanda, Vladislav) came into use.

Most of the names of Soviet origin — especially the newly formed ones — were rarely used and did not take root, remaining rather a historical and linguistic curiosity; many carriers of exotic names, having reached the age of majority, applied for a name change. However, some of these names, composed successfully, have survived and have become quite widely known.

Arville
— the army of V. I. Lenin.

Vector
— Great communism triumphs.

Veor
— The Great October Revolution.

Vidlen
— Lenin’s great ideas.

Vilen
— V.I. Lenin.

Whelan
— V.I. Lenin and the Academy of Sciences.

Vilord
— V.I. Lenin is the organizer of the labor movement.

Wil
— V.I. Lenin.

Vilyur
— Vladimir Ilyich loves Russia.

Winun
— Vladimir Ilyich will never die.

Whist
— The great historical force of labor.

Vladlen
— Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.

Volen
— the will of Lenin.

Pile
— Voroshilov shooter.

Gertrude
— the hero of labor.

Dazdraperma
— long live the First of May!

Dalis
— long live Lenin and Stalin!

Partition
— Lenin’s work lives on.

Isaida
— follow Ilyich, baby.

Kim
— Communist Youth International.

Lapanalda
— Papanin’s camp on an ice floe.

Last
— Latvian shooter.

Ledat
— Lev Davidovich Trotsky.

Lenior
— Lenin and the October Revolution.

Tape
— Lenin’s labor army.

Forest
— Lenin, Stalin.

Leaf
— Lenin and Stalin.

Luigi
— Lenin is dead, but the ideas are alive.

Marlene
— Marx, Lenin.

October
— in honor of the Bolshevik coup in October 1917

Papir
— party pyramid.

Gender(s) for
— remember Lenin’s precepts.

Revmira
— revolution world army.

Rosik
— Russian Executive Committee.

Silene
— Lenin’s strength.

Stalin
— Stalinist.

Tomil
— the triumph of Marx, Lenin.

Tomik
— Marxism and communism triumph.

Trick(om)
— three «K»
— Komsomol, Comintern, communism.

Fed
— Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky.

Woodruff
— I am with Lenin and Krupskaya.

Vanguard
; appeared in the 1930s.

Leontiev, Avangard Nikolaevich
— actor

Aviation

Aviette
— from French aviette, aviette.

Avia
— from the morpheme air (that is, related to aviation).

Avksoma
— from the reverse reading of the word Moscow.

Aurora(s)
— named after the cruiser «Aurora»
.

Avrory
— by the name of the cruiser «Aurora»
.

Avtodor
— from the abbreviated name «Societies for the Promotion of Motoring and Road Improvement»
.

Agit
— from an abbreviated common noun.

Agitprop
— from the abbreviated name (until 1934) of the Department of Agitation and Propaganda under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

Adium
— from the truncation of some traditional male names (cf. Gennady, Arkady).

Azalea
— from the name of the plant.

Aida
— on behalf of the main character of the opera of the same name by G. Verdi.

Air
— by the initials of A.I. Rykov, the second chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR after Lenin.

Academy
— from a common noun.

Aldan
— from the toponym Aldan.

Algebrina
— from algebra.

Allegro (male), Allegra (female)
— from a musical term.

Diamond
— from the name of the mineral diamond.

Altai
— from the toponym Altai.

Alpha

Amp

Amur
— from the toponym Amur.

Angara
— from the toponym Angara.

Aprelin
— from the name of the month April.

Ararat
— from the toponym Ararat.

Arville
«Army of V. I. Lenin»
.

Argent
— from lat. argentum (silver).

Aria
— from a common noun.

Harlequin
— from a common noun.

Arlen
— from the reduction of the phrase «Lenin’s Army»
. Homonymous with the name of Celtic origin Arlen.

Army
— from common noun

Artaka
— from the abbreviation of the name «Artillery Academy»
. Consonant with the Armenian name Artak.

Artillery Academy
— compound name; cf. Artak.

Assol
— on behalf of the main character of A. Grin’s story «Scarlet Sails»
.

Astra
— from Greek — star.

Astrela
— from the Greek. — star.

Atheist
— from a common noun.

Aelita
— the name of the main character of the story of the same name by A. N. Tolstoy, who became a personal name.

Ayan
— from the toponym Ayan.

B

Barricade
— from a common noun.

White Night
— a compound name, from the concept of white nights.

birch
— from a common noun.

Bestreva
— from the reduction of the phrase «Beria — guard of the revolution»

Beta
— from the name of the letter of the Greek alphabet.

Bonaparte
— from the name of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Bolsovenza
— Great Soviet Encyclopedia.

Wrestler
— from a common noun.

Bosphorus
— from the toponym Bosporus.

Diamond (female)
— from the name of the precious stone diamond.

Budena
— from the name of S. M. Budyonny.

Rebel
— from a common noun.

Bukharin
— from the name of N.I. Bukharin.

B

Walterperzhenka
— from an abbreviation of the phrase .

Vanadium
— from the name of the chemical element vanadium.

Vanzetti
— from the name of Bartolomeo Vanzetti.

Varlin
— Lenin’s Great Army.

Waterspace
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Valentina Tereshkova — the first woman-cosmonaut»
.

Vector
— from the reduction of the slogan «Great Communism triumphs»
.

Velior
— from an abbreviation of the phrase .

Velira
— from the reduction of the phrase «great worker»
.

Veor
— from the reduction of the phrase «Great October Revolution»
.

Spring
— from the name of the season.

Vidlen
— from the reduction of the phrase «Lenin’s great ideas»

Wheel(s)

Vilen(a)
— short for Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. The male name Vilen, borrowed from Russian, is also known in the Tatar language.

Vilenin(a)
— from the initials and surname Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.

Vilenor
— from the reduction of the slogan «B. I. Lenin — the father of the revolution »
.

Vileor
(V. I. Lenin, the October Revolution or V. I. Lenin — the organizer of the revolution.

Willian
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «V. I. Lenin and the Academy of Sciences»
.

Viliy, Viliya
— from the initials of the name, patronymic and surname Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.

Vilior
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and the October Revolution»
.

Vilic
— an abbreviation for the name and patronymic of Vladimir Ilyich.

Vilor(a)
— from the slogan «Vladimir Ilyich Lenin — Organizer of the Revolution»

Vilord
— from the reduction of the slogan «Vladimir Ilyich Lenin — the organizer of the labor movement»
.

Vilorius (Viloria)
— the same as Vilor(a).

Vilorik
— from the reduction of the slogan «B. I. Lenin — the liberator of the workers and peasants »
.

Vilorg
— from the phrase «Vladimir Ilyich Lenin — organizer»
.

Vilork
— Vladimir Ilyich Lenin — organizer of the revolutionary commune.

Vilort
— Vladimir Ilyich Lenin — organizer of labor.

Viluza
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Vladimir Ilyich Lenin-Ulyanov testaments»
. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

Wil
— initials V. I. Lenin

Wilgeniy
— Vladimir Ilyich — genius

Vilnur
— from Russian. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and Tat. nury (in translation — ) (Tatar name).

Wilsor
— from the reduction of the slogan «Vladimir Ilyich Lenin — the creator of the October Revolution»
. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in
Tatar.

Vilyur(s)
— the name has several decoding options: from the reduction of phrases «Vladimir Ilyich loves workers»
, «Vladimir Ilyich loves Russia»
or «Vladimir Ilyich loves his Motherland»
. Borrowed from Russian, the names are also known in the Tatar language.

Winun
— from the reduction of the slogan «Vladimir Ilyich will never die»
.

Violene
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Vladimir Ilyich, October, Lenin»
.

Viorel
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Vladimir Ilyich, the October Revolution, Lenin»
.

Whist
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «the great historical force of labor»
.

Vitim
— from the toponym Vitim.

Viulen(a)
— from the abbreviation of the name, patronymic, surname and pseudonym Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov-Lenin.

Vladilen(a)
— from the abbreviation of the name, patronymic and surname Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Phonetic options — Vladelin, Vladelina.

Vladil
— from the abbreviation of the name, patronymic and surname Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.

Vladlen(a)
— from the abbreviation of the name and surname Vladimir Lenin. The male name Vladlen, borrowed from Russian, is also known in the Tatar language.

Vlail
— Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

Voenmor
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «military sailor»
.

Leader
— from a common noun.

Volga
— from the toponym Volga.

Volen
— from the reduction of the phrase «Lenin’s will»
.

Volodar
— from the name of the revolutionary V. Volodarsky.

Tungsten
— from the name of the chemical element tungsten.

Will, Will
— from a common noun.

Volt
— from from a physical unit of measure.

Pile
— from the reduction of the honorary title «Voroshilovsky shooter»
.

Vosmart
— dated March 8 (International Women’s Day).

East

Worldwide
— from the reduction of the ideologeme «world revolution»
.

Nominee
— from a common noun.

Vydeznar
— Hold the banner of the revolution higher

Vykraznar
— Above the red banner of the revolution

G

Gaidar
— from the name of the writer Arkady Gaidar.

Gamma
— from the name of the letter of the Greek alphabet.

Garibaldi
— from the name of Giuseppe Garibaldi.

Garrison
— from the English surname Garrison.

Carnation
— from the name of the flower, which has become one of the revolutionary symbols.

Hegelin
— from the name of G. W. F. Hegel.

Gelian
— from the Greek sun.

Helium, Helium

Gemma
— from a common noun.

Genius, Genius
— from a common noun.

Geodar
— from the combination of phonemes «geo-»
and «gift»
.

Dahlia
— by the name of the flower.

Coat of arms
— from a common noun.

Heroida
— from a common noun.

Hero
— from a common noun.

Gertrud(s)
— from «hero (heroine) of labor»
. Appeared in the 1920s. Homonymous with the Western European female name Gertrude.

Himalaya
— from the toponym Himalayas.

Hypotenuse
— from the mathematical term hypotenuse.

Glavspirt
— from the abbreviated name of the Main Directorate of the alcohol and alcoholic beverage industry.

Glasp
— presumably from «publicity of the press»
.

Horn
— from a common noun.

Granite
— from the name of the mineral.

Greza
— from a common noun.

D

Dazvemir
— from the reduction of the slogan «Long live the world revolution!»

Dazdraperma
— from the reduction of the slogan «Long live the First of May!»
. The most famous example of ideological name-creation.

Dazdrasmygda
— from the reduction of the slogan «Long live the bond between town and country!»

Dazdrasen
— from the reduction of the slogan «Long live the Seventh of November!»

Dazdrugag
— Long live Yuri Gagarin

Dalis
— from the reduction of the slogan «Long live Lenin and Stalin!»
.

Dal, Dalina
— from a common noun.

Dalton
— from the name of the English physicist John Dalton.

Damir(s)
— from slogans «Long live the world revolution»
or «Long live the world»
. Borrowed from Russian, the names are also known in the Tatar language.

Danelia
— from the Georgian surname Danelia.

Gift
— from a common noun.

Darwin
— from the name of the naturalist Charles Darwin.

Dasdges
— from the reduction of the slogan «Long live the builders of the DneproGES!»
.

December

December(a)
— from the name of the month of December.

Decembrist
— from a common noun.

Partition
— from the reduction of the slogan «The cause of Lenin lives»
.

Deleor
— from the reduction of slogans «Lenin’s case — the October Revolution»
or «Ten years of the October Revolution»
.

Delhi (female)
— from the toponym Delhi.

Demir
— from the reduction of the slogan «Give the world revolution!»

Democrat
— from a common noun.

Johnrid
— from the name and surname of John Reed.

Dzerzh
— by the name of F. E. Dzerzhinsky.

Dzermen
— according to the first syllables of the names of the leaders of the Cheka-OGPU F. E. Dzerzhinsky and V. R. Menzhinsky. The phonetic variant is Jermaine.

Zefa
— from the name and surname Dzerzhinsky, Felix.

Diamara
— from the abbreviation of the words «dialectics»
and «Marxism»
.

Diesel
— from the everyday name of the diesel engine.

Din

Diner(a), Ditnera
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «child of the new era»
.

Dognat-Peregnat, Dognat-Peregnat
— a compound name derived from the slogan «Catch up and overtake»
. The names of the twins Dognat and Peregnat are known.

Dolonegrama
— from the reduction of the slogan «Down with illiteracy!»
.

Domna
— pre-revolutionary name (abbreviation from Dominic), homonymous with the name of the melting furnace.

Donara
— from an abbreviation of the phrase «daughter of the people»
.

Donera
— from an abbreviation of the phrase «daughter of a new era»
.

Dora, Dorina
— the decade of the October Revolution.

Dotnara
— from the reduction of the phrase «daughter of the working people»
.

Daughter
— from a common noun.

Railcar
— from a common noun.

Drepanald
— from an abbreviation of the phrase «Papanin’s drift on an ice floe»
.

Duma
— from a common noun.

Devil
— from the reduction of the phrase «child of the era of V. I. Lenin»
.

Davis
— from the name of the American communist Angela Davis.

E

Eurasia
— from the toponym Eurasia.

F

Jean-Paul Marat
— compound name; in honor of the figure of the Great French Revolution, J.P. Marat.

Zheldora
— from the abbreviation of the concept of the railway.

Zhores, Zhoressa
— from the name of the French socialist Jean Jaurès.

Z

Zaklimena
— from the word «branded»
, from the first line of hymn «International»
: «Get up, cursed one»
.

Zamvil
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «deputy of V. I. Lenin»
.

West
— from the name of one of the cardinal directions.

Zarema
— short for slogan «For the revolution of the world»
. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language. Homonymous with the Turkic name Zarema (used by A. S. Pushkin in the poem «The Fountain of Bakhchisaray»
).

Zares
— short for slogan «For the Republic of Soviets»

Zarina, Zorina
— from a common noun.

Zorya, Zorya
— from a common noun. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

star
— from a common noun. The red star is one of the heraldic symbols of the Soviet era.

Zoreslava, Zorislava
— from phonemes «dawn»
and «glory»
. Formed according to the traditional model of Slavic names (cf. Vladislav, Yaroslav).

and

Ibiza
— Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was distributed in the Caucasian republics.

Ivista
— Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

Idea, Idea
— from a common noun.

Idyll
— from a common noun.

Idlen
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin’s ideas»
.

Isaida
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «follow Ilyich, baby»
.

Izail, Izil
— from an abbreviation of the phrase «executor of Ilyich’s precepts»
. Borrowed from Russian, the names are also known in the Tatar language.

Izzvil
— from the reduction of the slogan «Study the precepts of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin»
.

Isili
— the same as Isael.

Isolda
— from the phrase «out of ice»
; given to a girl who was born during the wintering of polar explorers in Taimyr. Homonymous with the Western European name Isolde.

Isotherm
— from the physical term.

Ikki
— from the abbreviation ECCI (Executive Committee of the Communist International).

Ilkom
— from the abbreviation Ilyich, commune.

Imels
— named after the Institute of Marxism-Leninism, which at 1954-1956 was called the Institute of Marx-Engels-Lenin-Stalin. The phonetic variant is Imels.

Indus
— from the toponym Ind.

Industrial
— from a common noun.

Industrial
— from a common noun.

Interna
— from international.

Iridium
— from the name of the chemical element.

Irtysh
— from the toponym Irtysh.

spark
— from a common noun. Appeared in the 1920s-1930s. «Spark»
is a revolutionary newspaper founded by Lenin.

Istalina
— from the name and surname of Joseph Stalin. Appeared in the 1920s-1930s.

Eastmat
— from the abbreviation of the name of the scientific discipline historical materialism.

July, July
— from the name of the month of July. Consonant with the traditional names Julius, Julia.

K

Kazbek
— from the toponym Kazbek. It is also known in the Tatar language.

Cairo
— from the toponym Cairo.

Potassium
— from the name of the chemical element.

Kama
— from the toponym Kama.

Camellia
— from the name of the plant.

Captain

Karina
— from the name of the Kara Sea. That was the name of the girl who was born during the first (and last) voyage of the steamer «Chelyuskin»
along the Northern Sea Route (1933). The name is homonymous with the Western European Karina, and also consonant with the Eastern Karine and the Western European Korinna.

Karm, Karmiy

Karmia
— from the abbreviation of the name Red Army.

Karlen
— (Karl (Marx), Lenin.

Kid
— from an abbreviation of the phrase «communist ideal»
.

Kim(s)
— from the name of the organization Communist Youth International. The male name Kim, borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

Kinemm
— from the abbreviation of the word «cinema»
.

Kir
— from the abbreviation of the name Communist International. Homonymous to the Orthodox name of Greek origin Cyrus.

Kirina
— formed on the model of traditional female names.

Clover
— from a common noun.

Club
— from a common noun.

Kollontai
— from the name of the party and statesman Alexandra Kollontai.

Columbia
— from the name of a chemical element (its modern name is niobium) or from the name of the navigator Christopher Columbus.

Colchis
— from the toponym Colchis.

Commander
— from a common noun. It was recorded in the 1920s-1930s in the Altai Territory.

Combine
— from a common noun.

Comintern
— from the abbreviated name of the Communist International.

Commissioner
— from a common noun.

Kommunar

Kommuner
— from the abbreviation of the phrase communist era.

Compart
— from the abbreviation of the phrase communist party.

Komsomol
— from one of the names of the Komsomol, a youth communist organization.

Kravsil
— The Red Army is the strongest of all

Karmiya
— from the abbreviation of the name Red Army — the armed forces of Soviet Russia.

Krasarm(a)
— from the name of the Red Army. Recorded in the 1920s-1930s.

Krasnomir
— recorded in the 1920s-1930s. Formed according to the model of Slavic names (cf. Lubomir).

Krasnoslav
— recorded in the 1920s-1930s. Formed according to the model of Slavic names (cf. Yaroslav).

Cromwell
— from the name of the leader of the English Revolution, Oliver Cromwell.

Kukutsapol
— from the reduction of the slogan of the reign of N. S. Khrushchev «Corn is the queen of the fields»
.

Curie
— from a physical unit of measurement or from the names of French physicists.

L

Lavansaria
— from the toponym Lavensaari.

Lagshmivar(s), Lashmivar(s)
— short for «Camp Schmidt in the Arctic»
. It appeared in the 1930s in connection with the epic of saving the Chelyuskinites.

Lagschminald(a)
— from an abbreviation of the phrase «Schmidt’s camp on an ice floe»
.

Lapis lazuli
— from the name of the mineral.

Laila
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Ilyich’s light bulb»
.

Lapanalda
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Papanin’s camp on an ice floe»
.

Lasmai
— from the abbreviation of the name of the group «Tender May»

Last
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Latvian shooter»
.

Lachecamora
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Chelyuskin camp in the Kara Sea»

Levanna
— from a combination of parents’ names: Leo and Anna.

Legrad(a)
— Leningrad

Ledav
— according to the first syllables of Trotsky’s name and patronymic — Lev Davidovich.

Ledat
— from Lev Davidovich Trotsky.

Ledrud
— from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin is a friend of children»
.

Ledict
— Lenin and the dictatorship

Lelude
— from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin loves children»
.

Lemar(s), Lemark
— from the abbreviation of the names Lenin and Marx. Borrowed from Russian, the names are also known in the Tatar language.

Lemir(a)
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin and the world revolution»
. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

Lena
— from the toponym Lena. Homonymous with the short form of some traditional Orthodox names (Elena, Leonida, Leontina, Leontiya, etc.).

Lenar(s)
— from the reduction of the phrase «Lenin’s army»
. Borrowed from Russian, the names are also known in the Tatar language.

Lenvlad
— according to the first syllables of the surname and name Lenin Vladimir.

Lengward
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin Guard»
.

Lengenmier
— from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin is the genius of the world»
.

Lengerb
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin coat of arms»
.

Lange
— Lenin is alive.

Lenian(a)
— from the surname Lenin.

Leniz(a)
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin’s testaments»
. Borrowed from Russian, the names are also known in the Tatar language.

Lenin(a)

Leniniana
— from the surname Lenin. Recorded in the 1920s-1930s.

Leninid
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin’s ideas»
.

Leninism
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin and the banner of Marxism»
.

Leninir
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin and the revolution»
.

Lenior
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin and the October Revolution»
.

Lennor(s), Lenora
— from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin is our weapon»
.

Lenst
— Lenin, Stalin

Tape
— from the reduction of the phrase «Lenin’s labor army»
.

Lentrosh
— from the abbreviation of the names Lenin, Trotsky, Shaumyan.

Lenuza
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin-Ulyanov testaments»
. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

Lenur(a)
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin established the revolution»
. Borrowed from Russian, the names are also known in the Tatar language.

Lener
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin era»
.

Lermont
— from the name of M. Yu. Lermontov.

Forest
— by the first letters of the surnames Lenin, Stalin.

Lestaber
— by the first letters of the names Lenin, Stalin, Beria.

Lestak
— from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin, Stalin, communism!»

Leungege, Leunge
— from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin is dead, but his work lives on»
.

Liebert(s)
— from the French liberte, freedom. Consonant with some names borrowed from Western European languages.

Livadiy
— from the toponym Livadia.

League
— from a common noun.

Lilia, Lilina
— by the name of the flower.

Lima
— from the toponym Lima.

Lina
— from the abbreviation of the name of the international organization League of Nations. Homonymous with the well-known name Lina in European languages, which is a short form of some names (for example, Angelina, Carolina).

Lira, Lirina

Leaf
— by the first letters of the surnames Lenin and Stalin.

Lausanne
— from the toponym Lausanne.

Laura
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin, the October Revolution»
. Homonymous with the well-known name Laura in European languages, which is a form of the name Laura.

Lorix
— Lenin, October Revolution, industrialization, collectivization, socialism

Lorikerik
«Lenin, the October Revolution, industrialization, collectivization, electrification, radio and communism»
.

Lorieks
— an abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin, October, Revolution, Industrialization, Electrification, Collectivization of the Country»
.

Lorierik
— an abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin, the October Revolution, industrialization, electrification, radio and communism»
.

Lunio
— from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin died, but the ideas remained»
.

Luigi(s)
— from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin is dead, but the ideas are alive»
. Consonant with the Italian name Luigi (Italian Luigi).

Lunachara
— from the name of A. V. Lunacharsky.

Lundezhi
— Lenin died, but his work lives on

Lga
— from the truncation of the traditional name Olga.

Lyubistina
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «love the truth»
. First recorded in 1926 in Leningrad.

Lublen
— from an abbreviation of the phrase «love Lenin»
.

Luxen(s)
— from lat. lux, light.

Lucerne
— from a common noun.

Lucia
— from Revolution. — Recorded in the 1920s-1930s. Homonymous with the name of Latin origin Lucius, known from pre-revolutionary Orthodox saints.

M

Magnet
— from a common noun.

Maina

May, May
— from the name of the month May. The name is associated with the May Day holiday.

Main(s)
— from the toponym Main.

Maislav, Mayeslav
— from the name of the month May and the phoneme glory

Maya
— (female name; in honor of the first, International Workers’ Day). Maya’s name was known before.

Marat
— from the name of J. P. Marat.

Marilene(a)

Marklen
— from the addition of the initial letters of the names Marx and Lenin.

Marks(a)
— from the name of Karl Marx. Fixed in the 1920s-1930s.

Marksana, Marksina
— from the name of Karl Marx.

Marksen
— from the names of Marx and Engels.

Marlene(a)
— from the addition of the initial letters of the surnames Marx and Lenin: Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

Martin
— from the everyday name of the open-hearth furnace.

Marenlenst

Mauser
— from the brand of weapons.

Maels
— by the first letters of the names of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin. The phonetic variant is Maels.

Mael

Maenlest
— by the first letters of the names of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin.

Median

Mezhenda
— from the abbreviation of the name of the holiday «International Women’s Day»
.

Micron
— from the name of the unit of measure.

Police
— from the name of the Soviet law enforcement agencies.

Minora
— from a musical term.

Miol, Miolina
— from the abbreviation of the names of the parents: the male name Mikhail and the female Olga.

World(s)
— from a common noun or from an abbreviation of the phrase «world revolution»
.

Myrrh
— from the reduction of the ideologeme «World Revolution»
.

Hammer

Monolith
— from a common noun.

Mopr
— from the abbreviation of MOPR (International Organization for Assistance to the Fighters of the Revolution).

Mora
— from the name of Thomas More.

Motwil
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «we — from V. I. Lenin»
.

Mela
— by the first letters of the surnames Marx, Engels, Lenin.

Malice
is an abbreviation for the names Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin.

Malor
— an abbreviation of the slogans «Marx, Engels, Lenin, October Revolution»
or «Marx, Engels, Lenin — the organizers of the revolution»
. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

Mels
— an abbreviation of the names Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin.

Melsor
— Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, October Revolution.

Merlis
— Marx, Engels, Revolution, Lenin and Stalin.

Myslis
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «thoughts of Lenin and Stalin»
.

Müd(s), Münd
— from abbreviation «International Youth Day»
.

H

Nancy
— from the toponym Nancy.

Narcissus
— from the name of the flower.

Science
— from a common noun.

National
— from the abbreviation of the word international.

Neva
— from the toponym Neva.

Ninel
— from the reverse reading of the name Lenin. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

Niserha
— from the abbreviation of the name, patronymic and surname Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev.

Novomir
— from the phrase «new world»
. Formed according to the model of Slavic names.

Nord
— from the sea term, which denotes the north, the northern direction.

November
— from the name of the month.

Nurvil
— from Tat. nury and Russian. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (in translation — «the light of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin»
).

Nera
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «new era»
. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

Netta
— from the term net.

O

Odvar
— from the abbreviation of the name Special Far Eastern Army.

October
— from a common noun.

Oktyabrin(a)
— in honor of the October Revolution. The female name Oktyabrina, borrowed from Russian, is also known in the Tatar language.

October
— by the name of the month of October; in honor of the October Revolution. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

October
— in honor of the October Revolution. It was recorded in the 1920s-1930s in the Altai Territory.

Ohm
— from the physical unit of measurement.

Onega
— from the toponym Onega.

Or
is an abbreviation for the October Revolution.

Ordzhonika
— from the name of G. K. Ordzhonikidze.

Orletos
— from the reduction of the slogan «October Revolution, Lenin, labor is the basis of socialism»
.

Osoaviakhim
— from the name of the public organization OSOAVIAKHIM.

Oyushminald
— from abbreviation «Otto Yulievich Schmidt on an ice floe»
. It appeared in the 1930s in connection with the epic of saving the Chelyuskinites. Also recorded in 1960.

P

Papir
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «party pyramid»

Paris
— from the toponym Paris.

Partizan
— from a common noun.

Batch
— from a common noun (meaning the CPSU).

May Day
— from the name of the May Day holiday (the official name in the USSR is the Day of International Solidarity of Workers).

Perkosrak
— the first space rocket.

Persostrat, Persovstrat
— from the phrase «The first Soviet stratospheric balloon»
. First Soviet Stratostat «USSR-1»
flew in 1933.

Pioneer
— from a common noun. Recorded in the 1920s-1930s.

Poster
— from a common noun. Recorded in the 1920s-1930s.

Flame
— from a common noun.

Plinth
— from the reduction of the phrase «Lenin’s party and the people’s labor army»
.

Victory

Pobysk
— an abbreviation of «October winner, fighter and builder of communism»

Poles
— from the reduction of the phrase «remember Lenin, Stalin»
.

Polygraph
— from the term polygraphy.

Gender(s) for
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «remember Lenin’s precepts»
.

Pores
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «remember the decisions of the congresses»
.

Portfolio
— from a common noun.

Pofistal
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «the winner of fascism / fascists Joseph Stalin»
.

Pravdina
— from a common noun.

Revised
— from the reduction of the phrase «Lenin’s truth»
.

Pravles
— from the reduction of the phrase «the truth of Lenin, Stalin»
.

Prazat
— from Russian. the proletariat and abbreviations Tat. azatlygy (in translation — «freedom of the proletariat»
). Tatar name.

Idlelight
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «holiday of Soviet power»
.

Pridespar
— from the reduction of the slogan «Hello to the delegates of the Party Congress!»

Proletcult
— from the name of the cultural and educational organization Proletkult.

Friday
— short for the slogan of the participants in the socialist competition «Five-year plan — in four years!»
.

Piachegod
— an abbreviation for the slogan «Five-year plan — in four years!»
.

Drunk
— from the toponym Pyana.

R

Ravel
— from the name of the French composer Maurice Ravel.

Rada
— from the reduction of «workers’ democracy»
. Recorded in the 1920s-1930s. Homonymous to the Slavic non-church name Rada. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

Radamès
— on behalf of the character of the opera G. Verdi Aida.

Radian
— from a mathematical term.

Radium
— from the name of the chemical element radium.

Radik
is a diminutive form of the name Radiy. Borrowed from Russian, in the Tatar language it became an independent name.

Radiola
— from the common noun radio. It was fixed in the first years of Soviet power.

Radisha
— from the name of A. N. Radishchev.

Raithia
— from the abbreviation of the phrase district printing house.

Ramil
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Working police»
. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

Ranis
— from the word «early»
in the meaning of the first child, or born early in the morning. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

Rannur
— a name formed from the male name Ranis and the female Nurania. Tatar name.

Rev(s)
— from Revolution. Recorded in the 1920s-1930s. The names of the twin girls Reva and Lucia are known. The male name Rev, borrowed from Russian, is also known in the Tatar language.

Revvola
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «revolutionary wave»
.

Revvol
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «revolutionary will»
.

Revdar
— from the reduction of the phrase «revolutionary gift»
. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

Revdit
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «revolutionary child»
.

Revel
— from the toponym Revel.

Revlit
— from the phrase «revolutionary literature»
.

Revmark
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «revolutionary marxism»
.

Revmir(a)
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «world revolution»
. The male name Revmir, borrowed from Russian, is also known in the Tatar language.

Revo (male and female name)
— from the first syllables of the word «revolution»
. Borrowed from Russian, the names are also known in the Tatar language.

Revola, Revolla
— from the revolution. Mentioned in a poem by Alexander Prokofiev.

Revold(a)
— from the abbreviation of phrases «revolutionary movement»
or «revolutionary child»
.

Revolt(s)
— (from the French Revolte) — a rebel.

Revolution
— from the revolution.

Revolution
— from a common noun.

Reworg
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «revolutionary organizer»
.

Revput
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «revolutionary path»
.

Rem(a)
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «world revolution»
. The names are homonymous to the pre-revolutionary church names of Latin origin Rem and Rem. The male name Rem, borrowed from Russian, is also known in the Tatar language.

Remizan
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «the world revolution has begun»
.

Remir
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «world revolution»
. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

Renas
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «revolution, science, union»
. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language. The phonetic version of the Tatar name is Rinas.

Renat(a)
— from the reduction of the slogan «Revolution, Science, Labor»
. The names are homonymous with pre-revolutionary church names of Latin origin.

Reny, Reny
— from the name of the chemical element rhenium.

Reomir
— from the abbreviation of the word revolution and peace.
Res
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «decisions of congresses»
.

Ref
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «revolutionary front»
. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language. The phonetic version of the Tatar name is Reef.

Refnur
— from Russian. revolutionary front and Tat. nura (in translation — «light of the revolutionary front»
). Tatar name; phonetic variant — Rifnur.

Reed(s)
— from the name of the writer J. Reed.

Rome
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «revolution and peace»
. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

Ricks
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Workers’ and Peasants’ Union»
.

Riorita
— from the name of the foxtrot 9 popular in the 1930s0003 «Rio Rita»
.

Ritmina
— from a common noun.

Robespierre
— from the name of Maximilian Robespierre.

Roblin
— from an abbreviation of the phrase «born to be a Leninist»
.

Rodvark
— from an abbreviation of the phrase «born in the Arctic»
.

Roy
— October Revolution International.

Romblin
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «born able to be a Leninist»
.

Rosik
— from the abbreviation of the name «Russian Executive Committee»
.

Ruby
— from the name of the mineral.

Russo
— from the name of the French thinker J.-J. Rousseau.

Ruthenium
— from the name of the chemical element ruthenium.

Rem(a)
— the name has several decoding options: from the reduction of slogans «Revolution, electrification, mechanization»
, «Revolution, Engels, Marx»
or «Revolution, electrification, peace»
.

Remo
— from the reduction of slogans «Revolution, electrification, world October»
or «Revolution, electrification, mobilization»
.

S

Sakmara
— from the toponym Sakmara.

Sayana
— from the toponym Sayan.

Light
— from a common noun.

Svetoslav(a)
— from the combination of phonemes «light»
and «glory»
. Formed according to the traditional model of Slavic names (cf. Svyatoslav, Vladislav).

Freedom
— from a common noun.

Severina
— from the name of one of the cardinal directions. Formed according to the traditional model of female personal names.

Severyan
— from common noun «northerner»
.

Sevmorputina
— from the abbreviation of the concept of the Northern Sea Route. Fixed at 1930s-1940s.

November 7th
— compound name; from the everyday name of the October Revolution holiday.

September
— from the name of the month of September.

Sickle
— from a common noun. Recorded in the 1920s-1930s. The names of the Hammer and Sickle brothers are known (1930) — from the Soviet heraldic emblem.

Hammer and Sickle
— compound name; from the Soviet heraldic emblem.

Strong
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin’s strength»
.

Lilac
— from the name of the plant.

Slavina
— from a common noun. Formed according to the traditional model of female personal names.

Slacela
— from the reduction of the slogan «Glory to the Chelyuskinites!»
.

Smersh
— death to spies.

Tip
— from a common noun.

Sovl
— Soviet power.

Sonar
— Soviet people.

Composer
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «soldier — hero of Stalingrad»
. The name is associated with the Battle of Stalingrad.

Social, Socialina
— from a common noun.

Union
— from the name of the Soviet Union. Recorded in the 1920s-1930s.

Spartak
— on behalf of Spartak.

Spartakiad
— from the name of mass sports competitions regularly held in the USSR.

Stalber
— from the abbreviation of the names Stalin and Beria.

Steel

Stalenita
— from the abbreviation of the names Stalin, Lenin.

Steel
— from the abbreviation of the names Stalin, Lenin, Trotsky.

Steel
— from the abbreviation of the surname and initials Stalin I. V.

Staly
— from a common noun.

Steel
— from the name of I.V. Stalin.

Stalin
— from the name of I. V. Stalin. Stalingrad.

Steel (female)
— from a common noun. Fixed in the 1930s.

Stator
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Stalin triumphs»
.

Capital
— from a common noun. Recorded in the 1920s-1930s.

Shipyard
— from a common noun.

T

Taigina
— from a common noun.

Mystery
— from a common noun.

Takles, Taklis
— from the reduction of the phrase «tactics of Lenin and Stalin»
.

Talina
— from a common noun.

Tamerlan
— from the Europeanized name of the commander and conqueror Tamerlane.

Tanker
— from a common noun. It was recorded in the 1920s-1930s in the Altai Territory.

Telman
— by the name of Ernst Thalmann. The name is known in the Tatar language and has been used since the 1930s.

Telmina
— from the name of Ernst Thalmann.

Tiksi (female)
— from the toponym Tiksi.

Comrade
— from a common noun. It was recorded in the 1920s-1930s in the Altai Territory.

Tomik
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Marxism and communism triumph»
.

Tomil
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «the triumph of Marx and Lenin»
.

Thorez
— by the name of the French communist Maurice Thorez.

Thorium, Thorium
— from the name of the chemical element thorium.

Point
— from a common noun.

Traviata
— from the name of the opera by G. Verdi «La traviata»
.

Tractor, Tractor
— from a common noun. It was fixed in the first years of Soviet power. The name is associated with the release of the first domestic tractor (1923).

Tribune
— from a common noun.

Trik, Tricom
— stands for «three» K «»
( «three «com»»
): Komsomol, Comintern, Communism.

Trolebusina
— from the abbreviation of the names Trotsky, Lenin, Bukharin, Zinoviev.

Troled
— Trotsky Lev Davidovich.

Trolezin
— from the abbreviation of the names Trotsky, Lenin, Zinoviev.

Trolene
— from the abbreviation of the names Trotsky, Lenin.

Trudomir
— from the combination of phonemes «labor»
and «peace»
. Formed according to the traditional model of Slavic names.

Tullium
— from the ancient Roman generic name Tullius (example: Mark Tullius Cicero).

Turbine
— from a common noun. Fixed in the 1920s.

U

Ural
— from the toponym Ural. Fixed in the 1920s.

Urgavneb
— from the reduction of the slogan «Hurrah! Gagarin in the sky!
The name is associated with the first manned flight into outer space (April 12, 1961).

Uryuvkosm, Uryurvkos, Uyukos
— Hooray, Yura in space!

Delight
— from a common noun.

Successfully
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «successes of the first five-year plans»
.

F

Fevralin
— from the name of the month February.

Felds, Felds
— Felix Dzerzhinsky.

Feliksana
— feminine from the male name Felix (before the October Revolution, the canonical name Felix was used).

Philadelphia
— from the toponym Philadelphia.

Florence
— from the toponym Florence.

Frunze
— from the name of M. V. Frunze.

Fed
— by the initials of F. E. Dzerzhinsky.

Х

Chrysanthemum
— from the name of the flower.

C

C
is an abbreviation for «Central Pharmacy Warehouse». Recorded in the 1920s-1930s.

Colors
— from a common noun.

H

Chara
— from a common noun.

Chelnaldin(s)
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Chelyuskin (or Chelyuskinites) on an ice floe»
.

Cherkaz
— from the abbreviation of the name «Red Cossacks»
.

Chermet
— ferrous metallurgy.

Chilina
— from the name of the state of Chile.

W

Shaes
— walking excavator.

Schmidt
— from the name of the Arctic explorer O. Yu. Schmidt.

E

Evir
— The era of wars and revolutions.

Edie
— This is the child of Ilyich.

Edil (female)
— an abbreviation of the phrase «this girl is named after Lenin»
.

Edison
— from the name of the American inventor Thomas Edison.

Electrician
— from the name of the profession. Recorded in the 1920s-1930s.

Electrina
— from a common noun. The name is associated with the GOELRO plan.

Electrolenina
— from the abbreviation of the word electricity and the surname Lenin. The name is associated with the GOELRO plan.

Elektromir
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «electric world»
. The name is associated with the GOELRO plan.

Electron
— from the name of the elementary particle.

Electrification
— from a common noun; the name is associated with plans for the electrification of Russia, see GOELRO; unlike the prototype word, the name is written through «o»
).

Elina
— electrification and industrialization — a name known before.

Elite
— from common noun

El
— according to the name of the letter of the killille.

Elbrus
— from the toponym Elbrus.

Elmar(a)
— from the abbreviation of the names Engels, Lenin, Marx. Borrowed from Russian, the names are also known in the Tatar language. Phonetic variants of Tatar names — Ilmar (a).

Elmira
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «electrification of the world»
.

Elfa
— from the name of mythological characters.

Emil
— from the names Engels, Marx and Lenin. Homonymous with the Western European name of Greek origin Emil (in the Orthodox calendar — Emilius).

Engelen, Englen
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Engels and Lenin»
. Recorded in the 1920s-1930s.

Engel, Engels, Engelsina
— from the name of Friedrich Engels. Fixed in the 1920s-1930s. The female name Engelsina, borrowed from Russian, is also known in the Tatar language.

Aeneid
— from the name of the ancient epic «Aeneid»
.

Energy, Energy
— from a common noun.

Enmar
— Engels, Marx.

Erg
— from the name of the physical unit of measure.

Ery, Era
— from a common noun.

Erislav
— from the combination of phonemes «era»
and «glory»
. Formed according to the traditional model of Slavic names.

Ercoma
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «era of communism»
.

Erlen
— from the reduction of the phrase «era of Lenin»
.

Ether
— from the name of a class of chemical compounds.

Yu

Anniversary
— from a common noun. The name is associated with the celebration of the tenth anniversary of the October Revolution in 1927.

Yum
— from the name of the Scottish philosopher David Hume.

Humanita
— consonant with the name of the French communist newspaper «Humanite»
.

Unir
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «young revolutionary»
. Borrowed from Russian, the name is also known in the Tatar language.

Junkoma
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «young communard»
.

Yunna
— from common noun «youth»
.

Yunovlada
— from the combination of morphemes «young-»
(mid youth) and «Vlad»
(cf. own). Formed according to the model of Slavic names.

Unpion
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «young pioneer»
.

Yunpibook
— a young pioneer — a future member of the Komsomol.

Yuravkos
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Yura in space»
.

Uralga
— from the abbreviation of the name, patronymic and surname Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin.

Yurvkosur
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «Yura in space, hurray!»

Jurgag
— Yuri Gagarin.

Yurgoz
— Yuri Gagarin circled the Earth.

I

Yaatea
— from the abbreviation of the phrase «I’m an atheist»
.

Jarek
— nuclear reactor — the name is consonant with the diminutive «Yarik»
from «Yaroslav»

Yaroslavna
— from the patronymic of the heroine «Words about Igor’s Campaign»
Euphrosyne Yaroslavna.

Yaslen
— «I’m with Lenin»
.

Jaslenik, Yaslik
— from the reduction of the phrase «I am with Lenin and Krupskaya»
.

After the revolution of 1917, the list of names given to boys and girls expanded considerably. Parents gave their children names in honor of leaders, revolutionary events and even geographical places. Inspired by the news from the State Duma about the ban on some names …

The fantasy of Soviet parents truly knew no bounds. But all new names and derived forms can be conditionally divided into several groups.

Nature and resources

A child born in the USSR could easily be dubbed Oak, Birch, Azalea, Alder or Carnation.

Mathematics, physics, chemistry and technology

Science, which was developing at an active pace, suggested good names to parents: Algebrina, Ampère, Hypotenuse, Netta (from «net»), Drezina, Om, Electrina, Elina (electrification + industrialization). Minerals and chemical elements were also honored: Granite, Ruby, Radium, Tungsten, Helium, Argent, Iridium.

Slogans

Of course, what is the Soviet Union without slogans, in honor of which children were given abbreviated names:
Dazvemir — from «Long live the world revolution!»
Dazdranagon — from «Long live the people of Honduras!».
Dazdraperma — from «Long live the First of May!».
Dazdrasmygda — from «Long live the bond between town and country!».
Dazdrasen — from «Long Live the Seventh of November!».
Dalis — from «Long live Lenin and Stalin!».
Damir (a) — from the slogans «Give the world revolution!», «Long live the world revolution» or «Long live the world.»
Dasdges — from «Long live the builders of the DneproGES!»
Divide — from the reduction of the slogan «The cause of Lenin lives.»
Deleor — from «The Case of Lenin — the October Revolution».
Demir — from the reduction of the slogan «Give the world revolution!».

May Day slogan. 1931

Place names and seasons

It was also possible to choose a name by the month of birth: December, Dekabrina, November, September, Fevralin, Aprelin. Well, those who were called Oktyabrenko were especially lucky.
Often parents were inspired by rivers, cities and mountains. Children were given names: Neva, Cairo, Lima, Paris, Himalaya, Altai, Angara, Ural and even Avksoma — Moscow on the contrary.

Revolutionary ideology and professions

The Russian language is indebted to the revolution for many new words and concepts that are firmly entrenched in everyday life. Ideology became another source of inspiration for finding names for their children: the boy could well have received the name:
Avtodor — from the abbreviated name «Society for the Promotion of Motoring and Improvement of Roads.»
Agitprop — from the abbreviated name (until 1934) of the Department of Agitation and Propaganda under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.
Barricade (the female version of the name is Barricade).
Fighter — from the fighters for the just cause of the revolution and not only.
Voenmore — from the reduction of the phrase «military sailor».
Leader — everything is clear here.
Glasp — presumably from «publicity of the press».
Karmiy, Karmiya — from the abbreviation of the name Red Army
Kid — from the abbreviation of the phrase «communist ideal».
Kim — from the name of the organization Communist Youth International.
Kravasil — (The Red Army is the strongest of all)
Kukutsapol — from the reduction of the slogan during the reign of N. S. Khrushchev «Corn is the queen of the fields.»
National — from the abbreviation of the word international.
Pyachegod — an abbreviation for the slogan «Five-year plan — in four years!».
Revvol — from the reduction of the phrase «revolutionary will».
Revdar — from the reduction of the phrase «revolutionary gift».
Sickle-And-Hammer — compound name; from the Soviet heraldic emblem.
Women’s names often repeated men’s, but with the addition of the letter «a» at the end. There were also original ones:
Kommuner — from the abbreviation of the phrase communist era.
Spark — from a common noun (this is the name of the main character of Boris Vasiliev’s story «Tomorrow there was a war»).
Laila — from the abbreviation of the phrase «light bulb of Ilyich».
Lucia — from Revolution.
Victory — from a common noun.
Idle Light — from the abbreviation of the phrase «holiday of Soviet power.»
Revvola — from the reduction of the phrase «revolutionary wave».

Leaders, revolutionary figures and heroes of the USSR

Revolutionary figures, leaders and «simple heroes» of the USSR, gave, perhaps, the most abundant ground for new names. As a rule, they were made up of the first letters of the first name and surname, or from the surnames of several people, and sometimes it was the surname + slogan:
Bestrev — from the reduction of the phrase «Beria is the guard of the revolution. »
Bukharin — from the name of N. I. Bukharin.
Budyon — from the name of S. M. Budyonny.
Valterperzhenka — from the abbreviation of the phrase «Valentina Tereshkova — the first woman-cosmonaut.»
Dzerzh — by the name of F. E. Dzerzhinsky.
Dzefa — from the surname and name Dzerzhinsky, Felix.
Kollontai — from the name of the party and statesman Alexandra Kollontai.
Ledat — from Lev Davidovich Trotsky.
Malis (Mels) — short for the names Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin.
In the film «Dandies» the protagonist ends up in the Komsomol court after discarding the last letter of his name.

Hipster Mel

Niserha — from the abbreviation of the name, patronymic and surname Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev.
Ordzhonika — from the name of G. K. Ordzhonikidze.
Yurgoz — Yuri Gagarin circled the Earth.

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

Standing apart were the names, which were based on the name of Lenin:
Varlen — Lenin’s Great Army
Vidlen — from the abbreviation of the phrase “Lenin’s great ideas.
Wil (a) — from the initials of the name, patronymic and surname Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.
Vilen (a) — short for Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.
Vilenor — from the reduction of the slogan «V. I. Lenin — the father of the revolution.
Willian — from the abbreviation of the phrase «V. I. Lenin and the Academy of Sciences.
Vilivs — from the initials of the name, patronymic and surname Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and Iosif Vissarionovich
Vilik — Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and Communism.
Vilich is an abbreviation for the name and patronymic of Vladimir Ilyich.
Vilyur (a) — the name has several decoding options: from the reduction of the phrases «Vladimir Ilyich loves workers», «Vladimir Ilyich loves Russia» or «Vladimir Ilyich loves the Motherland.»
Vinun — from the reduction of the slogan «Vladimir Ilyich will never die.»
Zamvil — from the abbreviation of the phrase «deputy of V. I. Lenin.»
Idlen — from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin’s ideas».
Izail, Isil — from the abbreviation of the phrase «executor of the precepts of Ilyich.»
Lelyud — from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin loves children.»
Lengenmir — from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin — the genius of the world.»
Lennor (a), Lenora — from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin is our weapon.»
Ninel — from the reverse reading of the name Lenin.
Plinta — from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin’s party and the people’s labor army.»
Sometimes other surnames, no less dear and familiar to Soviet people, were placed next to Lenin (some of which, however, were later called traitors)
Lentrobuh — from the abbreviation of the surnames Lenin, Trotsky, Bukharin.
Lentrosh — from the abbreviation of the names Lenin, Trotsky, Shaumyan.
Forest — by the first letters of the surnames Lenin, Stalin.
Lestak — from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin, Stalin, communism!».
Lestaber — by the first letters of the surnames Lenin, Stalin, Beria.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich.

The number of names formed on behalf of Stalin is much less than similar ones — from Lenin. Nevertheless, they all sound loud:
Stalber — from the abbreviation of the names Stalin and Beria.
Stalen — from the abbreviation of the names Stalin, Lenin.
Stalenberia — from the reduction of Stalin, Lenin, Beria.
Stalenita — from the abbreviation of the names Stalin, Lenin.
Stalet — from the abbreviation of the names Stalin, Lenin, Trotsky.
Staliv — from the abbreviation of the surname and initials Stalin I. V.
Stalik — from the surname of I. V. Stalin.
Stalin — also by the name of Stalin.

Actress Irina Cherichenko as Iskra Polyakova in the film based on Vasiliev’s story «There Was War Tomorrow».

Borrowed names

It has become quite popular to name children after foreign heroes related either to the cause of the revolution or to art and science. So, in the USSR, girls began to appear named Angela (in honor of the American human rights activist Angela Davis), Zarema (a borrowed name, which was attributed to the meaning «for the revolution of the world»), Rosa (in honor of Rosa Luxembourg), Clara — like Zetkin. The boys were called John or Jonrid (after the name of the writer), Hume — in honor of the philosopher David Hume, Ravel (as the French composer Maurice Ravel) or Ernst — in honor of the German communist Ernst Thalmann.
Instead of an epilogue…

The fantasy of Soviet parents truly knew no bounds. But all new names and derived forms can be conditionally divided into several groups.

Place names and seasons

You could also choose a name by the month of birth: December, Dekabrina, November, September, Fevralin, Aprelin. Well, those who were called Oktyabrenko were especially lucky.

Parents were often inspired by rivers, cities and mountains. Children were given names: Neva, Cairo, Lima, Paris, Himalaya, Altai, Angara, Ural and even Avksoma — Moscow on the contrary.

In the film «Heart of a Dog» the names of the girls were chosen at a general meeting. (pinterest.ru)

Nature and resources

A child born in the USSR could easily be christened Oak, Birch, Azalea, Alder or Carnation.

Mathematics, physics, chemistry and technology

Science, which was developing at an active pace, suggested good names to parents: Algebrina, Ampère, Hypotenuse, Netta (from «net»), Railcar, Om, Electrina, Elina (electrification + industrialization). Minerals and chemical elements were also honored: Granite, Ruby, Radium, Tungsten, Helium, Argent, Iridium.

Slogans

Of course, what is the Soviet Union without slogans, in honor of which children were given abbreviated names:

Dazvemir — from «Long live the world revolution!».
Dazdranagon — from «Long live the people of Honduras!».
Dazdraperma — from «Long live the First of May!».
Dazdrasmygda — from «Long live the bond between town and country!».
Dazdrasen — from «Long Live the Seventh of November!».
Dalis — from «Long live Lenin and Stalin!».
Damir (a) — from the slogans «Give the world revolution!», «Long live the world revolution» or «Long live the world.»
Dasdges — from «Long live the builders of the DneproGES!»
Divide — from the reduction of the slogan «The cause of Lenin lives.»
Deleor — from «The Case of Lenin — the October Revolution».
Demir — from the reduction of the slogan «Give the world revolution!».

May Day slogan. (pinterest.ru)

Revolutionary ideology and professions

The Russian language is indebted to the revolution for many new words and concepts that have become firmly established in everyday life. Ideology has become another source of inspiration for finding names for his children: the boy could well have received a name:

Avtodor — from the abbreviated name «Society for the Promotion of Motoring and Improvement of Roads. »
Agitprop — from the abbreviated name (until 1934) of the Department of Agitation and Propaganda under the Central Committee of the CPSU (b).
Barricade (the female version of the name is Barricade).
Fighter — from the fighters for the just cause of the revolution and not only.
Voenmore — from the reduction of the phrase «military sailor».
Leader — everything is clear here.
Glasp — presumably from «publicity of the press».
Karmiy, Karmiya — from the abbreviation of the name Red Army
Kid — from the reduction of the phrase «communist ideal».
Kim — from the name of the organization Communist Youth International.
Kravasil — (The Red Army is the strongest of all)
Kukutsapol — from the reduction of the slogan during the reign of N. S. Khrushchev «Corn is the queen of the fields.»
National — from the abbreviation of the word international.
Piachegod — short for the slogan «Five-year plan — in four years!».
Revvol — from the reduction of the phrase «revolutionary will. »
Revdar — from the reduction of the phrase «revolutionary gift».
Hammer-and-Sickle — compound name; from the Soviet heraldic emblem.

Women’s names often repeated men’s, but with the addition of the letter «a» at the end. There were also original ones:

Kommuner — from the abbreviation of the phrase communist era.
Spark — from a common noun (this is the name of the main character of Boris Vasiliev’s story «Tomorrow there was a war»).
Laila — from the abbreviation of the phrase «light bulb of Ilyich.»
Lucia — from Revolution.
Victory — from a common noun.
Idle Light — from the abbreviation of the phrase «holiday of Soviet power.»
Revvola — from the reduction of the phrase «revolutionary wave».

Leaders, revolutionary figures and heroes of the USSR

Revolutionary figures, leaders and «simple heroes» of the USSR, provided, perhaps, the most abundant ground for new names. As a rule, they were made up of the first letters of the first name and surname, or from the surnames of several people, and sometimes it was the surname + slogan:

Bestrev — from the reduction of the phrase «Beria — the guard of the revolution. »
Bukharin — from the name of N. I. Bukharin.
Budyon — from the name of S. M. Budyonny.
Valterperzhenka — from the abbreviation of the phrase «Valentina Tereshkova — the first woman cosmonaut.»
Dzerzh — by the name of F. E. Dzerzhinsky.
Dzefa — from the name and surname Dzerzhinsky, Felix.
Kollontai — from the name of the party and statesman Alexandra Kollontai.
Ledat — from Lev Davidovich Trotsky.
Malis (Mels) — short for the names Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin.

In the film «Stilyagi» the protagonist ends up in the Komsomol court after discarding the last letter of his name.

Stilyaga Mel. (pinterest.ru)

Niserha — from the abbreviation of the name, patronymic and surname Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev.
Ordzhonika — from the name of G. K. Ordzhonikidze.
Yurgoz — Yuri Gagarin circled the Earth.

Lenin

The names based on the name of Lenin stood apart:

Varlin — Lenin’s Great Army
Vidlen — from the abbreviation of the phrase “Lenin’s great ideas.
Vil (a) — from the initials of the name, patronymic and surname Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.
Vilen (a) — short for Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.
Vilenor — from the reduction of the slogan «V. I. Lenin is the father of the revolution.”
Willian — from the abbreviation of the phrase «V. I. Lenin and the Academy of Sciences.
Vilivs — from the initials of the name, patronymic and surname Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.
Vilik — Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and Communism.
Vilich is an abbreviation for the name and patronymic of Vladimir Ilyich.
Vilyur (a) — the name has several decoding options: from the reduction of the phrases «Vladimir Ilyich loves workers», «Vladimir Ilyich loves Russia» or «Vladimir Ilyich loves the Motherland.»
Vinun — from the reduction of the slogan «Vladimir Ilyich will never die.»
Zamvil — from the abbreviation of the phrase «deputy of V. I. Lenin.»
Idlen — from the abbreviation of the phrase «Lenin’s ideas. »
Izail, Isil — from the reduction of the phrase «executor of the precepts of Ilyich.»
Lelyud — from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin loves children.»
Lengenmir — from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin — the genius of the world.»
Lennor (a), Lenora — from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin is our weapon.»
Ninel — from the reverse reading of the name Lenin.
Plinta — from the reduction of the phrase «Lenin’s party and the people’s labor army.»

Sometimes other surnames, no less dear and familiar to Soviet people, were placed next to Lenin (some of which, however, were later called traitors):
Lentrosh — from the abbreviation of the names Lenin, Trotsky, Shaumyan.
Les — by the first letters of the names Lenin, Stalin.
Lestak — from the reduction of the slogan «Lenin, Stalin, communism!».
Lestaber — by the first letters of the names Lenin, Stalin, Beria.

Stalin

The number of names formed on behalf of Stalin is much less than similar ones — from Lenin. Nevertheless, they all sound loud:

Stalber — from the abbreviation of the names Stalin and Beria.
Stalen — from the abbreviation of the names Stalin, Lenin.
Stalinberia — from the reduction of Stalin, Lenin, Beria.
Stalenita — from the abbreviation of the names Stalin, Lenin.
Stalet — from the abbreviation of the names Stalin, Lenin, Trotsky.
Staliv — from the abbreviation of the surname and initials Stalin I.V.
Stalik — from the surname of I.V. Stalin.
Stalin — also by the name of Stalin.

Actress Irina Cherichenko as Iskra Polyakova in the film «Tomorrow was the war.» (pinterest.ru)

Borrowed names

It has become quite popular to name children after foreign heroes who are related either to the cause of the revolution or to art and science. So, in the USSR, girls began to appear named Angela (in honor of the American human rights activist Angela Davis), Zarema (a borrowed name, which was attributed to the meaning “for the revolution of the world”), Rosa (in honor of Rosa Luxembourg), Clara — like Zetkin. The boys were called John or Jonrid (after the name of the writer), Hume — in honor of the philosopher David Hume, Ravel (as the French composer Maurice Ravel) or Ernst — in honor of the German communist Ernst Thalmann.

Arville — V. I. Lenin’s Army (France, 18th century… what the fuck is Lenin’s army?)
Artaka — Artillery Academy
Waterpejekosma — Valentina Tereshkova — the first female cosmonaut (… and her mother Dazdraperma)
Vector — Great communism triumphs (and at school they taught some directed segments)
Velior — the Great October Revolution (Tolkien was a communist???)
Velira — the Great Worker (… and Valera too)
Veor — the Great October Revolution (Ivanov Veor wore Dior)
Vidlen — Lenin’s great ideas

Vilan — V. I. Lenin and the Academy of Sciences (Yeah, Dima Vilan with the song «I am a night fucker» …)
Vilen — V. I. Lenin
Vilenor — Vladimir Ilyich Lenin? father of the revolution (I already asked about Tolkien. ..)
Vilora — V. I. Lenin — organizer of the revolution (Milora oil was poured in Vilore’s kitchen)
Viloord — V. I. Lenin — organizer of the workers’ movement (Warlord, Skylord, Vilord…)
Vilorik — V. I. Lenin — the liberator of the workers and peasants (Epic picture — the Vikings liberate the workers and peasants …)
Vilyur — Vladimir Ilyich loves his Motherland (and he also loves velor)
Vil — V. I. Lenin
Vinun — Vladimir Ilyich will never die (communist action «Name your son Vinun and don’t waste money on funerals»
Vist — Great historical force of labor (How much do you play whist?)
Vladilen — Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
Vladlen — Vladimir Lenin
Volen — Lenin’s will (Volen Semenovich was free in everything. Even in his name.)
Vors — Voroshilovsky shooter (all this is nonsense about wool)
Gertrude — Heroine of labor (Do not drink wine, heroine of labor …)
Dazvemir — Long live the world revolution
Dazdrasen — Long live the seventh of November
Dazdrasmygda — Long live the bond between town and country (Dazdraperma is resting. oga)
Dazdraperma — Long live the first of May
Dalis — Long live Lenin and Stalin (and they were given to you … )
Divide — Lenin’s cause lives on (but Dahl’s explanatory dictionary somehow disagrees)
Diner (a) — Child of a new era (Soviet elves have already appeared …)
Donera — Daughter of a new era
Dotnara — Daughter of the working people
Idlen — Lenin’s Ideas
Izaida — Follow Ilyich, baby
Izili — Follower of Ilyich’s precepts
Izil — Fulfill Ilyich’s precepts (name for a Jewish boy. not otherwise)
Kid — Communist ideal (Kid translated according to the opinion of the Komsomol)
Kim — Communist International Youth (Kim Il Sung there too)
Krarmia — Red Army
Kukutsapol — Corn — the queen of the fields (Yeah, Quetzalcoatl …)
Lagshmivara — Schmidt’s camp in the Arctic
Last — Latvian shooter (competitor to Vors, Voroshilovsky shooter)
Lapanalda — Papanin’s camp on an ice floe
Ledat — Lev Davidovich Trotsky
Ledrud — Lenin? children’s friend
Lelyud — Lenin loves children
Lenar (a) — Lenin’s army (Not a word about elves!)
Lengenmir — Lenin? the genius of the world
Leninid — Lenin’s ideas
Leninir — Lenin and the revolution
Lenior — Lenin and the October Revolution
Lenora — Lenin — our weapon (I wonder if McCaffrey knows about this?)
Tape — Lenin’s labor army
Lentrosh — Lenin, Trotsky, Shaumyan
Forest — Lenin, Stalin (trees, pines . ..)
Lestak — Lenin, Stalin, communism
Leundezh — Lenin died, but his work lives on
Lis-Lenin and Stalin (A fox in a zoo in a cage is funny)
Liszt — Lenin and Stalin (find the difference with the Fox)
Lorierik — Lenin , October Revolution, industrialization, electrification, radio and communism
Luigi (a) — Lenin died, but the ideas are alive (there is no other way to say …)
Lunio — Lenin died, but the ideas remained
Lublin — Love Lenin
Marlene — Marx , Lenin (Marx, Lenin Dietrich …)
Maels — Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin
Maenlest — Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin
Mezhenda — International Women’s Day (Eighth March in other words)
Malor — Marx, Engels, Lenin, October Revolution (My lord stands and envied)
Mund — International Youth Day
Ninel — Lenin ( vice versa and with a soft sign) (In general, this dish is like that …)
Niserha — Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev (clear kid)
Odvar — Special Far Eastern Army (Vikings are coming!)
Orletos — October Revolution, Lenin, labor? basis of socialism
Oyushminald (a) — O. Yu. Schmidt on an ice floe
Papir — Party pyramid
Perso (in?) strat — The first Soviet stratospheric balloon
Paul (b) for — Remember Lenin’s precepts (remembering Lenin’s precepts is certainly useful. Yes)
Pores — Remember the decision of the congresses
Pofistal — The winner of fascism Joseph Stalin (Is this a medicine?)
Board — Lenin’s Truth
Pridespar — Greetings to the delegates of the party congress
Friday — Five-year plan in four years
Raitia — District printing house
Revmark — Revolutionary Marxism
Revmira — Revolutions of the world army (revolution of the world)
Rem — Revolution of the world
Rome — Revolution and peace (he would be mayor of the Italian capital)
Roblin — Born to be a Leninist
Rosik — Russian executive committee
Rem — Revolution, Engels, Marx
Strong — Lenin’s strength (Lenin’s strength is strong. Yes)
Stalen — Stalin, Lenin (there was no sex in the USSR. But there was an Olban dialect)
Stator — Stalin triumphs (I carefully study the device of the electric motor . ..)
Taclis — Lenin and Stalin’s Tactics
Tomik — Marxism and communism triumph
Tomil — Marx and Lenin triumph
Trick (om) — Three «K» ? Komsomol, Comintern, communism
Trolebuzina — Trotsky, Lenin, Bukharin, Zinoviev (And I thought that this trolleybus was so insulted …)
Trolen — Trotsky, Lenin
Uryurvkos — Hurray, Yura in space (And the orcs are also here …)
Fed — Felix Edmyndovich Dzerzhinsky
Chelnaldin (a) — Chelyuskin on an ice floe
Erlen — Era of Lenin
Yuralga — Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin
Yaslenik — I was with Lenin and Krypskaya … (… I played in the kindergarten in the sandbox)

Each era was characterized by its own fashion for clothes, hairstyle, communication style and even names. In the Soviet Union, after the revolution of 1917 and until its collapse, children were very often given names formed from the symbols of that time. Take at least the well-known Dazdraperma — a name created from the slogan «Long live May 1!» This review presents the funniest names derived from geographical names, sciences, revolutionary symbols.

The inhabitants, who were fond of the advanced achievements of Soviet science, were happy to name their children: Wolfram, Helium, Hypotenuse, Dresina. Even the harmonious «Elina» is an abbreviation for «electrification and industrialization.»

Abbreviations derived from patriotic slogans were especially popular. People twisted them as best they could:
Dazvemir — Long live the World Revolution!
Dazdranagon — Long live the people of Honduras!
Dazdrasmygda — Long live the bond between town and country!
Divide — Lenin’s cause lives on!
Deleor — The Case of Lenin — The October Revolution!

Various social organizations also inspired citizens to create new names:
Avtodor — short for «Society for the Promotion of Motoring and Improvement of Roads.»
Voenmor — «Naval sailor»
Kid — «Communist ideal»
Kukutsapol — the slogan of the Khrushchev era: «Corn — the queen of the fields»
Idle Light — «The holiday of Soviet power»
Piachegod — «Five-year plan — in four years!»

Party leaders aroused almost reverence among ordinary people, and in order to somehow be involved in the powerful of this world, parents called their children by combinations of names, patronymics and surnames of leaders:
Varlen — Lenin’s Great Army
Vidlen — Lenin’s great ideas
Vilyur — Vladimir Ilyich Lenin loves Russia
Izail — The fulfiller of Ilyich’s precepts
Lelyud — Lenin loves children
Plinta — Lenin’s Party and the People’s Labor Army This man conquered millions of hearts not only by being the first to fly into space, but also by his extraordinary charisma, sense of humor and charm.

English names, history of origin, list of modern names

To the list of English names

The English system of names differs in many respects from the system familiar to Russian people:

• The full name in English-speaking countries consists of the first name, middle name and surname, there is no patronymic.
• As names, both the first and the second, one can meet not only generally accepted and traditional names, but also surnames.
• The names of celebrities or relatives, as well as prominent historical characters, are often taken as such surnames.

Personal English names accepted today are very diverse. They include groups of ancient and new names:

• traditional English names (Celtic, Scottish),
• Germanic and Norman names,
• names borrowed from other languages ​​(Christian, Arabic),
• made up names,
• short names that have become independent.

Modern English names can differ greatly from each other in structural and semantic features. The reason for this diversity of names is that the population of Great Britain is a product of a mixture of various ethnic groups: the Iberian population who lived here in antiquity, the Celtic tribes, the Angles, Saxons, Scandinavians, and then the Franco-Normans.

Due to this, for example, in England, the male name Abraham, which appeared at least 4000 years ago and is common in English-speaking countries, and the female name Sonya, which came from the Russian language only in the 20s of the 20th century, coexist.

Beautiful English names

History and origin of English names

Simple and two-component names. Like all ancient Germanic names, the Anglo-Saxons had only one name, which could be either simple in structure (Froda — «wise, old» or Hwita — «white»), or complex (Aethel-Beald — «noble, excellent, excellent + bold, courage» or Eadgar — «possession, property, property, rich + spear»). Gradually, simple names were replaced by two-component names. The meaning of a number of Old English names cannot be deduced from the meanings of their constituent components. Other names are more understandable to the modern reader.

The components of Anglo-Saxon names were taken from a special set of nominal words. It was believed that benevolent nominal words magically give their wearer patronage, wealth, health, and so on. These words included words denoting «warrior», «gift», «good», «famous» and so on. So the names Edwin, Edmund, Elmer, Meredith appeared. A number of names were compiled with the participation of components of the parents’ names.

Anglo-Saxon names could hardly be separated from the nicknames given to people. The suffix -ing, common for common Germanic names, was often used in the names, indicating that the carrier is a descendant of the one indicated in the rest of the name. For example, Bruning is «son of Brun». Today, only 8% of the total number of English names are from the names of the ancient Anglo-Saxon period.

Old English female names did not differ in structure and semantic features from male names. The second component in the name was an indicator of the gender. In male names, this component was represented by masculine nouns, and in female names it was represented by feminine nouns, respectively.

Adjectives could also be used as second components. In male names, adjectives could indicate the social position or character traits of the bearer of the name. In female names, the most common adjective used as the second component is «leof», meaning «beloved, dear, pleasant».

Norman influence. The invasion of England by the Normans greatly influenced the development of the English people, including the traditions of name formation. After William, Duke of Normandy, was proclaimed King of England, the highest civil and ecclesiastical positions were filled by people who spoke Norman French. As a result, Anglo-Saxon names began to be replaced by names traditional for the conquerors (for example, William, Robert, Richard and others). As a result, only a few Anglo-Saxon names survived, such as Edgar, Edward, Mildred and others. Also, the period following the conquest of England by the Normans was marked by a trend towards the transition of nicknames into family names.

Christian names among the English. Also, the influence of the Christian religion, the rapid spread of which began in the 12th century, when the missionaries of the Pope began to arrive in England, significantly contributed to the displacement of the old Anglo-Saxon names. Church schools and monasteries began to open, which became the center for the spread of Christian culture. Biblical names, incomprehensible to the bulk of the population, were added to the set of personal names. The main distribution of biblical names was received among the royal family and the highest nobility, and representatives of the lower strata of the population were called pagan names for a long time.

It was not until the 16th century that Christian canonical names came to dominate the system of English personal names after the country introduced compulsory registration of infants who received a name at baptism. Church names were somewhat modified under the influence of folk traditions. So, Mary became Mary, and the name Jones with derivatives John, Jan and others, came from the Hebrew name Yohanan. The female name John came from the old French form of the name Jeanne and gave, in turn, three independent names — Jean, Joan and Jane.

Popular English names at various times

The most common names in 16th-18th century England were the male names William, John, Thomas and the female names Elizabeth and Mary. The concentration of names has increased significantly. In official documents, it was now necessary to indicate only the name that was given at baptism, and from the 18th century, the surname inherited from the father became the official surname.

During the Reformation, which unfolded in the countries of Western Europe in the 16th century, non-biblical names of saints, such as Agnes, Barbara, Christopher and others, became unpopular. At the same time, the names mentioned in the Old Testament, for example, Amos, Benjamin, Elijah, Sarah, Joseph and others, became widespread. Also, the set of names of that time was replenished with the “virtuous” names Charity, Faith, Hope, Prudence, etc. (there are similar names in Russian — Vera, Nadezhda, Lyubov). There were also Puritans who had enough in the name-creation over the edge. Children were called names like Everlasting-Mercy (Infinite-Mercy) or Faith-My-Joy (Faith-My-Joy). Subsequently, people who were given such names tried to reduce them to consonant traditional names.

In the first half of the 17th century, the Puritans, among whom the biblical names from the Old Testament were common, were forced to emigrate to the English colonies located in North America. Thus, the group of Old Testament names is more common today in the USA than in England.

Modern English names

English literature has had a significant influence on the development of the English naming system. Famous English and American writers and poets created a whole range of characters and literary types whose names became popular among the British and Americans for many years. Until today, the names invented by writers remain popular. For example, Pamella is a character in Sydney’s novel Arcadia, Stela is the heroine of the cycle of sonnets by the same author. The historical novels of Walter Scott gave a second life to many forgotten names, and the name Alice (Alice) became popular for a long time after the publication of the famous fairy tales of Lewis Carroll.

Double names. Naming children by double names became popular in the 17th and 18th centuries. At that time, female double names, such as Mary Ann or Sarah Jane, were considered as one personal name, and a number of modern personal names were created precisely by combining parts of two names, such as Anella.

All of the above applies primarily to official, full names adopted for naming persons in documents or when addressing persons in a solemn atmosphere. Most full names have derived forms (derivatives) used among friends, relatives and relatives. The number of derived names cannot be precisely counted. A large number of derivatives are created by contraction (for example, Ben — Benjamin) or with the help of affix word formation (for example, Jimmy — James).

Short forms. Abbreviated names were common among the Anglo-Saxons. For example, the name Ed (Eda) is an abbreviated form of the name Edwin (Edwine). Along with the conquest of England by the Normans, Old French diminutive suffixes appeared in the English language. For example, Hamelet is a diminutive of Hamon (d). At the same time, the English suffixes -cock and -kin began to be used to form derivative names. These suffixes can now be found in surnames that arose during that period (for example, Babcock from the diminutive form of Bab of the name Barbara). Since the 15th century, diminutive and affectionate names began to be formed using the suffixes -ie and -y (for example, Betty is an affectionate name from Elizabeth).

Modern English personal names are replenished to a large extent through the use of family names. This naming practice dates back to the 17th century, when it was common among aristocratic families. Such names were the names of Shirley, Bradley, Grant, Hamilton and others.

Today the registration legislation is very liberal. A child can be officially registered under a nickname, and even use almost any word. The number of names is also unlimited. Most people limit themselves to two or three names, but there are also names consisting of a very large number of words.

Catholic names
American names

List of English names

A

AVA — AVA

Agatha — Agatha

AGNES — AGNES

Adam — Adam

Isaac — ISAAK

Ailen — Ailen

Irene — Irene

Alan

Alexander

Alexander

Alesta — Alesta

Amelia — Amelia

Arthur — Arthur

B

Barbara- Barbara

Beatrice- Beatrice

Belinda- BELINDA

Bella- Bella

Benjamin

Bertha

BLENCH

BLANCHE

BLAZH

B

Violet — Violet

Valentine — Valentine

Valerie — Valerie

Vanessa — Vanessa

William — William

Viola — Viola

Victor — Victor

Victoria

Victoria

0005

D

Gore — Gore

Gregory — Gregory

Gabriel — Gabriel

Gabriella — Gabriella

D

Diana

Diana

Daniella — Daniella

Dania — Dania

Dayana — DIANE

JAMES

Jane

Jacklin — Jacqueline

Dennna — Jennna

Jenna

Jenna

Jenna

Jenna

Jenna

Jeremy

Jerome

Daniel — Daniel

Z

Zoe — Zoe

Zachary — Zachary

and

IV — EVE

IVENDLENE — Evangeline

Ignyses — IGNATIS

Isabella — ISABELLA

Isidore — ISIDORE

Ilein — Elaine

Irma — IRMA

INTAN — Ethana

INTHAN

K

Camilla — Camilla

Cara — Cara

Kate — Kate

Kiara — Ciara

Clair — Clair

Leona — Leona

Leonard — Leonard

Liliana — Lilian

Linda — Lynda

Linor — Lenore

Lyon — Leon

Lyra — Lyra

Lias — Leah

Laura — Laurah 9000 Lauren

Louisa

Louis

Lucas

Lewis

Luke

M

Madina — Madina

Michael — Michael

Massimilian — Maximilian

Margaret — Margaret

Mark — Mark

March — Martha

Martin — Martin

Marshall — Marshall

Melanie

Melissa — MIA

Michelle — Michelle — Michelle — Michelle — Michelle — Michelle — Michelle — Michelle — Michelle — Michelle

Monica — Monica

Madeline — Madeline

Madeline — Madlyn

Mary — Mary

Marianne — Marianna

Matthew —

H

Natalie

0005

Nia — Nia

Nicholas — Nicholas

Nicole — Nicole

Noah — Noah

Nora — Nora

Naomi — Naomi

O

Augusta

Audrey

Oakley

Oliver

Olivia

Oscar

Austin Ophelia

Ophelia

P

Pamela — Pamela

Patrick — Patrick

Patricia — Patricia

Payton

Perry

Peter

Paula

Pauline Pauline

Paul

P

Ryan — Rian

Raphael — Raphael

Rebecca

Regina — RENAA

Riana — Riana

Ricarda

Richard

Robert

Roberta — Roberta — Roberta — Roberta — Roberta — Roberta — Roberta — Roberta — Roberta — Roberta — Roberta — Roberta — Roberta — Roberta Rolf

Rose — Rose

Ruth — Ruth

Raymond — Raymond

C

Sabina — Sabina

Sabrina — Sabrina

Simon — Simon

Samira — Samira

Samson — Samson

Sandra

Sebastian

Ceshel — SELENA

Sister — CECILIA — CECILIA — CECILIA — CECILIA — CECILIA

Sylvia

Solomon

Sophia

Stephany

Steven

Susan

Salome

Samuel

Sara

T

Tyler — Taylor

Tara — Tara

Theodore — Theodore

Teresa — Teresa

Timothy — Timothy

Thomas — Thomas

at

Winslow

Ursula

F

Felicity — Feliciti

Felicia — Felicia

Flora — Flora

Florence

Fred

X

Hannah — Hannah

Harriet — Harriet

Helen — Helen

Henry — Henry

Hilary — Hilary

Chloe — Chloe

9002 Hamlet — 9 Harry 9005 — Hamlet

H

Charlene

Charles

Chelsea

W

Charlotte

Sheila

Shelley

Cheryl

Sherlock

E

Evelyn — Eveline

EVIN — Evin

Edward — Edward

Edgar — Edgar

Edelin — ADELINE

EDAL — ADRIANA

AIDRIEN — ADRIAN

AILELEL — AILELEL — AILELEL — AILELEN — AILELEL — AILELEL — AILELEL — AILELEL — AILELEL — AILELEN

Elijah

Elvina

Eliza Elisa

Elizabeth

Elinor Eleanor

Alice — Alice

Ella — Ella

Elena — Alana

Emerald

Emily — Emily

Emil — Emil

EMMALECE — Angel

ENGEL — ANGEL — ANGEL — ANGEL — ANGEL — ANGEL — ANGEL — ANGEL — ANGEL — ANGEL — ANGEL — ANGEL

Angelina — Angelina

Andrew — Andrew

Enestecia — Anastasia

Ann — Ann

Anthony — Anthony

Erian — Ariane

Erica — Erica 9

0005

Eriedne — Ariadne

Ernesto — Ernest

Estelle — Estelle

Yu

Eugene — Eugene

Eugenia — Eugenia

Markitanks of the Revolution.

«Firstly, are you a man or a woman?..»

Direct question — «Firstly, are you a man or a woman?» — asks Professor Preobrazhensky in the famous scene of the film «Heart of a Dog», unable to determine the gender of the person standing in front of him. And receives an equally direct answer: «I am a woman.»

New women — commissars, red commanders, fighters for free love — were born of the revolution 1917 years old and hardened on the fronts of the Civil War. They not only participated in political life. They determined the fashion and mores of the new proletarian society.

«Commissioners»

Already in February 1917, among the sympathizers of the Bolsheviks, there were grasping vociferous persons who engaged in political agitation and successfully communicated with the workers and soldiers in an understandable «hot folk language». They were dressed simply and brightly — cloth dresses, jackets or men’s leather jackets, a red cotton scarf on their heads, and an eloquent Mauser in their hands.

They were called «commissioners».

The ladies were not a miss, they shot accurately and confidently dictated their will to the stronger sex. For example, comrade Lagutina, a worker at the Krasnaya Zvezda factory, during the February events, flew into the soldiers’ barracks, demanded to immediately surrender their weapons and join the revolution. The soldiers meekly obeyed. Comrade Alexandra Yakovleva, dressed in a leather jacket and riding breeches, with boyish mischief took away weapons from the Petrograd police officers and non-commissioned officers. Some workers with rifles in their hands guarded the factories, patrolled the Smolny and even took part in the battles with the junkers.

«Where there is a man, there is a woman. There are no barriers for her,» Bolshevik newspapers wrote.

Many revolutionary «commissars» took part in the Civil War. One of the brightest, of course, was Larisa Reisner. A young well-bred girl, covered with St. Petersburg spirits and fogs, went to the drunken and wild front of the Civil War, driven not only by love for her husband, Fedor Raskolnikov, but also by a sense of healthy adventurism.

Fought with the White Czechs, then retreated from Kazan, carried «papers, seals, and something else secret that they were ordered to take away.» Upon learning that Fedor Raskolnikov had been captured, she went back to Kazan with her escort to the rescue and, characteristically, put on a man’s suit, that is, a soldier’s overcoat, pants and boots. On the outskirts of the city, she profitably exchanged this masquerade for a black ladies’ outfit. In it she made her way to Kazan, but was taken prisoner, fled during interrogation, changed clothes again (this time in a cook’s dress) and safely escaped from the city …

Reisner and later tried on a male military uniform, because she occupied positions that were not at all female — from January 1919 she was a commissar of the Naval General Staff, in the summer she became a senior flag secretary with her husband, commander of the Volga-Caspian flotilla, and in June 1920 — Secretary of the Baltic Fleet headquarters, commanded by Raskolnikov. Larisa definitely liked the marine form. She was often seen in Petrograd in a black pea jacket and a naval cap.

Grigory Alekseev-Gai captured Larisa Reisner in a leather coat and a skirt, in a commissar’s cap, with a harness, revolver and briefcase. The portrait turned out to be caustically caricatured and hardly corresponded to reality. The lady did not like weapons, did not know how to shoot and appeared in a man’s «leather jacket» only when military circumstances required it. And even being on the front line, she tried to dress feminine and did not stop thinking about hats and lipstick.

The image of the «commissioner» quickly penetrated into secular fashion. He was fond of emancipated intellectual young ladies in Moscow and Petrograd. Such, for example, was Vera Zhukova, a young artist, a student of Petrov-Vodkin. Far from war and politics, outwardly she was a true «commissar» — she wore men’s trousers, paramilitary shirts, caps, smoked and cut her hair scandalously short.

However, among the students of Petrov-Vodkin, she was the only one.

«Commanders»

So the people began to call the ladies-military personnel. In contrast to the «commissioners», the «commanders» looked emphatically courageous, knew how to wear military uniforms, and were distinguished by their tough temper and selflessness. This image appeared largely thanks to Leon Trotsky, who advocated military education for women and was not against their service in the army.

The ladies officially received this right in January 1918, when a decree on the organization of the Red Army was issued. Paragraph No. 2 of the first paragraph stated that access to its ranks is open to all citizens of the Russian Republic who are at least 18 years old. 22 April 19On the 18th year, a decree was issued «On compulsory training in the art of war», including for women on a general basis.

«Commanders» cut their hair short, wore shirts and Circassians, cloth helmets and hats. It happened that they even changed the names to male ones. The peasant woman Pinkova joined the Red Army and went to the Aktobe front with documents in the name of Ivan Pinkov. After participating in a series of battles, she was sent to a machine gun school, after graduating from which Pinkov-Pinkova was again at the front, «always with a machine gun in chain, now on one flank, then on the other.» She died courageously — she covered the retreat of her unit and was hacked to death by the Cossacks.

Tatyana Solodovnikova, the first editor of the Krasnaya Iskra newspaper, joined the Petrograd Reserve Regiment under the name Timofei. She was quickly revealed, and the name turned into the party nickname Timosha. First, she worked on the Polish front, then — as part of the Tambov army, «liquidated banditry.» She dressed like a man — a Red Army overcoat, a «hero» with a star. A similar uniform was worn by the «tireless scout» Belugina, who took part in the suppression of the Tambov uprising. Skillfully disguised as a Red Army soldier E.I. Osadchaya. In her native 209In the 1st Rifle Regiment, she was listed as Ivan Gerasimovich Khaustov, fought well, became a platoon commander. For distinction in battle on June 15, 1919, she received the Order of the Red Banner.

Olga Minskaya also enrolled in the Red Army under a male name, but did not participate in the battles, and with a detachment of staff «cleaners» searched for hidden Makhnovists in the villages. In the autumn of 1920, on the personal order of Trotsky, she was accepted into cavalry courses and recorded under a male name. Later, she, already under her last name, entered the Military Academy of the Red Army as a student and graduated from it at 1928 year. Another red “commander” graduated from the same institution — Alexandra Pavlovna Bogat, a real cavalry girl who wore a male military uniform even in peacetime.

One of the most famous Red Amazons was Pavlina Kuznetsova, a machine gunner of the 35th Cavalry Regiment, which was part of the 6th Cavalry Division of the famous 1st Cavalry Army of Budyonny. She repeatedly participated in regimental reconnaissance, but in the spring of 1920, near the village of Nepadovka (Napadovka), the regimental team accidentally ran into White Guard scouts, a battle began, Kuznetsova shot the opponents with all her might from a machine gun, forced them to retreat and this saved the position of the group. This was quite enough to present for the award. At 1923 Kuznetsova received the Order of the Red Banner of War.

After the end of the Civil War, the «commanders» easily returned to civilian life and became respectable ladies. But there were those who did not want to turn into a woman. The case with the employee of the GPU, Yevgenia Fedorovna, is noteworthy. In 1918, she entered the service in the Cheka and, in full accordance with the genre of the Civil War, changed her name to a male — Yevgeny Fedorovich. She worked in the investigative and punitive bodies, spoke of herself exclusively in the masculine gender and wore a male uniform and civilian suits. Then she went to the Civil War, was, according to her own statement, on the Southern Front, participated in operations «against the white gangs», returning from the front, continued to serve in the internal security forces and the GPU. At 19At 22, she, still posing as a man, successfully registered a marriage with a woman who was unaware of the «true sex of her husband.»

Colleagues tried to sue «Evgeny Fedorovich» «for a crime against nature», but the case fell apart and the marriage was not dissolved. Later, the lady received a bullet wound during a skirmish with Moscow bandits, was forced to leave the service and, with great reluctance, parted with the uniform she adored. She began to drink, rowdy, several times got into the police for hooliganism and for «revelry with women.» Psychiatrists tried to cure her, but, apparently, without success.

But Dr. Alfred Shtess, who dealt with a similar case, managed, according to his own statement, to cure a girl who pretended to be a man and called herself Alexander Pavlovich. During the Civil War, she became addicted to paramilitary costumes, wearing trousers, caps, large men’s rings, and a stack. The doctor developed a special course of therapy, after which the patient again felt like a girl and refused men’s clothing. At least that’s what the psychiatrist himself claimed, hastening to publish impressive results and photographs in a scientific journal.

«Cookers»

The 17th year made women freer not only in social terms. Inessa Armand and Alexandra Kollontai defended the equality of men and women, talked about free love, that marriage is a comradely union, that you can live just like that, without registering a relationship. Ladies have ceased to be afraid of publicity and hide their desires. Such people were called «street girls of the revolution». It is curious that their number increased rapidly from 1917 to the mid-twenties. Academician Vladimir Bekhterev, who periodically received letters and even denunciations of particularly ardent «candy girls», even started a separate folder, entitled «Nymphomania».

One of the stories in Bekhterev’s archive is connected with the party member Storozhenko from Dnepropetrovsk. The girl has been a member of the party since 1918, served in the Cheka, fought in the Civil, fought with the Makhnovists. Her unfortunate husband turned to Bekhterev as the last resort with a request to cure his loving wife of a shameful ailment: «Among the security officers and soldiers, constantly in a male environment, eternal traveling with armies, she was a candidate of the revolution.» But Comrade Storozhenko did not even think of being cured, much less repenting. I am absolutely healthy and happy, she assured the psychiatrist, before whom she revealed all the details of her turbulent life. “Since men can do this, it means that I can too,” wrote Comrade Storozhenko.

How unfair the nickname stuck by the revolution to real sutlers! Provision merchants who accompanied troops on campaigns. «The bottom of the pot was pierced by a bullet, the young shantywoman was killed. ..» — no, not about the «shopping girls of the revolution» one of the best songs of Bulat Okudzhava…

What are the names of the Swedes — Unusual Swedish names .sweden.se

If you literally translate Swedish names, then Peppilotta Longstocking will not sound so unusual. And despite the fact that Karlsson is a simple and familiar surname for a Swede, Astrid Lindgren acted very non-standard (and, by the standards of modern legislation, also illegal), depriving the little man of a name. What does the name and surname of the writer herself mean and where do the Swedes get such unusual names — more on that below.

A child can be called a Bear or a Little Mother…

Most of all in Sweden lives Ann and Larsov – these are the most popular names in the country. In general, the Swedes are quite conservative in their choice of names; the list of the most common names today does not differ much from a similar list of the 13th century. In both — both Christian (Johannes, Nikolaus / Niklas, Petrus / Peter, Margareta, Katarina, Christina) and Old Norse names (Karl, Olaf / Olof / Ulf, Knut, Sven, Ingegerd, Ingrid).

One of the most unusual Swedish names — Lillemur — literally means «little mother». The name appeared at the beginning of the last century, first as a nickname, and in the 1920s it became an independent name. By law, you can name a child almost anything, but the name should not cause discomfort to the child, offend anyone, be inappropriate, or be perceived as a surname.

Fashion for certain names is a fickle thing and is a sign of its time. For example, the owners of the names Barbru or Oke are most likely already retired, but Olivia or Hugo still go to school. Double names, such as Karl-Gunnar or Britt-Louis, are also more likely to belong to the older generation. The protagonist of Fredrik Backman’s bestseller The Second Life of Ove, for example, is a typical bearer of his name, who is about to be 60.

… But you can’t call Ikea or Superman

One of the first naming scandals that was actively discussed in the world press occurred in 1996 in Sweden. Then parents were forbidden to register a child under the name Brfxxccxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb11116. By naming the child in this way, they hoped to protest against the increasing, in their opinion, state interference in personal life. After this scandalous incident, several more names were banned, including Lillprins (“Little Prince”), Ikea, Tequila, Lucifer and Superman.

The Internal Revenue Service manages the names of all Swedes. It is there that they decide whether it is possible to name the child as the parents want, and whether it is possible for an adult to take a new name to his liking. The functions of the consultant on names are performed by the Isof Institute of Language and History of the People. The Institute studies and preserves Old Swedish names found on runestones and Swedish medieval names and surnames.

Some Swedes have four names! Photo: Magnus Liam Karlsson/imagebank.sweden.se

9 out of 10 Swedes have more than one name

Only 10% of Swedes have only one name. More than half have two names, almost a third have three names, and 1% of Swedes can boast of having four. The first to give children several names were royals — this was done in order to honor other relatives or important partners already in the 17th century. Later, this tradition passed to ordinary Swedes. According to one version, several names were supposed to protect the child: if he gets sick, it will be much more difficult for a harmful disease to sort out and return to the child, since he is called different names all the time. One of the rare four names is Crown Princess Victoria, whose full name is Victoria-Ingrid-Alice-Desiree. Another well-known owner of four names (and the rare surname Ephraimsdotter, formed on behalf of Pope Ephraim) is Peppilotta-Victualia-Rulgardina-Krisminta Ephraimsdotter-Longstocking.

If parents give their child more than one name, they must indicate which one will be used as the main one (”name of address”, tilltalsnamn) by which he will be called in everyday life. Addressing the full form of the main name is not considered too formal and can be used in all ordinary life situations. There are also diminutive forms — they, in turn, are also not necessarily perceived as something intimate for a narrow circle of relatives or friends. Whether to be represented by the full name or diminutive, the person chooses. Most often, the latter are formed from the first syllable and end in -e (Mikke for Mikael, Kalle for Karl, Danne for Daniel) or simply from part of the name (Lotta from Charlotte, Stina from Christina). So, the famous hooligans Fille and Roulle from «The Kid and Carlson» turn out to be Philip and Rudolf. And they will still have no mercy.

According to one of the theories, the Eastern Slavs inherited several basic principles of naming first the nobility, and then ordinary people, from the Scandinavians. Unusual for most Europeans, the tradition of naming a person by his first name and patronymic to show his social status may also have been inherited by the Slavs from the Vikings. In most modern Swedish, at the same time, there are no patronymics — the more interesting it is to understand how their absence is historically connected with the emergence of Swedish surnames.

No surnames until 1901

Hard to believe, but surnames in the modern sense became mandatory in Sweden only in 1901. Prior to this, 90% of Swedes used patronymics: surnames formed from the name of the father and changed with each new generation. “Son” (son) or “dotter” (daughter) was added to the name: so Gustav, the son of Eric, was called Gustav Eriksson, and his children were already called Gustavsson and Gustavsdotter.

The Names Act of 1901 might have come even later if a law on business names had not been passed a few years earlier, for which only the name of the owner could be used. Without a single surname for all family members, the name of the company would have to be changed every time management was transferred to children with a different patronymic.

At the same time, soldiers who had to be somehow identified in the endless sea of ​​Svensson and Johansson were among the first among ordinary Swedes to receive permanent surnames. Soldiers’ surnames were usually short and denoted something related to military service or the combat characteristics of the soldier himself. This is how the surnames Rusk (“fast”) or Trygg (“confident”) arose. They are still called «soldiers».

Among the nobility, surnames passed down by inheritance took root even earlier — already in the 15th-16th centuries. The nobility often took surnames corresponding to the images on the coat of arms, for example, Lilliehök (“Lily and the hawk”) or Yllensherna (“Golden Star”). Then surnames formed with the help of af, de or von (different variants of the preposition “from”) + the names of the family estate or city became popular.

Among the clergy and pundits in the 17th century it became fashionable to take Latinized surnames ending in -ius or -us. Usually, such surnames were based on the names of the native village or simply Swedish words, which thus became more harmonious. The famous botanist Karl Linnaeus received his Latinized surname Linnaeus from his pastor father, and after receiving the nobility he became known as von Linnaeus. Approximately the same thing happened with Anders Celsius, whose ancestor — astronomer and mathematician Magnus Nicholas Celsius — came up with a surname for himself, latinizing the name of his native parish.
— Baby. Although my real name is Svante Svanteson.
— And, oddly enough, my name is Carlson. Just Carlson, that’s all.
Astrid Lindgren ”Baby and Carlson, who lives on the roof”, trans. L. Lungina

If Yeralash were filmed in Sweden, then the famous trinity of Ivanov-Petrov-Sidorov would turn into Andersson-Johansson-Karlsson (Andreev-Ivanov-Karlov). The most common surnames in Sweden came from patronymics: it was easiest to keep your surname and pass it on to children, thus securing it for the family. Surnames ending in «-son» are now carried by about a third of all Swedes.

Attentive readers will notice that when forming patronymic surnames, not one «s» is added to the name, but two. One of them indicates the genitive case, in a similar way to English (Gustavs-son — son of Gustav), the second is already part of the suffix «-son». In Russian transcription, there may be a variant with both one and two ”s”.

Female surnames like Gustavsdotter are much rarer. The historical disappearance of surnames ending in “dotter” is connected precisely with the adoption of a family name that is the same for the whole family. Now anyone can take such a surname, and formed both on behalf of the father and mother — this right is enshrined in law, and it is often used by Swedish women who do not want, contrary to historical tradition, to be called “son”.

Photo: Josta Reiland/imagebank.sweden.se

A third of all surnames are about nature

Workers and city dwellers usually made up their last names from two words denoting natural phenomena. They could be either related (for example, Berglund — “mountain grove”), or completely different (Lindström — “linden and stream”). There were also monosyllabic surnames, for example, Björk (“birch”) or Skoog (“forest”). Unlike Russian “natural” surnames, which are very often associated with birds, in Sweden trees, animals, rivers and mountains were quoted mainly.

Today, more than a third of all Swedes have “natural” surnames, and in the northern provinces this figure can reach 60%. One of the most familiar such surnames to us is Lindgren, which literally means “linden branch”. The writer received her surname when she was married, her maiden name is Eriksson.

The child is assigned the mother’s surname

The new “Law on Names” was adopted in 2017. It replaced an outdated 1982 law and simplified many procedures, including name changes. When concluding a marriage, both spouses can choose whether to leave each their own last name, take the partner’s last name, double, or even come up with a new one. The surname can be freely changed to any one that is worn by more than 2000 people — otherwise you will have to submit a special application.

Under the new law, all Swedes are required to have at least one given name and one surname, which parents must register within three months of the birth of a child. The law abolished the automatic assignment of a surname to a child — this is done so that parents can choose it themselves. Shortly after the birth of a child, the Internal Revenue Service sends parents a form on which they must enter the requested name and surname of the child. The child can be given the surname of one of the parents or a double surname made up of them. The law restored the historical tradition and made it possible to give the child a surname made up of the name of one of the parents with the addition of «-son» or «dotter» without unnecessary approval. If within three months the parents have not filled out the documents for assigning a name and surname to the child, then the mother’s surname is automatically assigned. And in the case of adoption, parents are also given three months to register the child under a new surname.

King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden. Photo: Peter Knutson/Kungahuset

The king has no surname

The king of Sweden, Carl XVI Gustaf, like the rest of the royal family, does not have a surname. In the corresponding line of registration in the Tax Service and in other documents, they simply put an asterisk.

As a surname, representatives of the Swedish royal family sometimes use the historical name of their family — Bernadotte. Young princes and princesses use this surname at school, and Prince Carl-Philip, together with his university friend, designs interior items and tableware under his own brand Bernadotte & Kylberg. The exception to the rule was the husband of Crown Princess Victoria, Prince Daniel — he is registered under the double surname Westling-Bernadotte.

Photo: Ulf Lundin/imagebank.sweden.se

In Sweden, everyone addresses each other by the name

Yes, yes, even the teacher at school and the professor at the university! Swedes prefer an informal style of communication and in most cases call each other simply by their first names, regardless of age. This is accepted among colleagues, and in educational institutions, and in healthcare, and in appeals to officials and authorities.

Back in the 1960s, Sweden carried out a democratic “you-reform”, which prescribed that everyone should be treated equally, regardless of position, age and gender. From now on, everyone had to call each other on «you» and by name. At the same time, the polite addresses “freken”, “fru” and “herr” (analogues of “miss”, “mrs” or “mister”, still accepted in English-speaking countries) also disappeared. The acceptable degree of politeness has also been greatly reduced: now the previously used appeals in the third person (“Would Herr Doktor deign to go to the waiting room”) can only be heard in the royal palace.

Andreev/a — Andersson
Ivanov/a — Johansson
Popov/a — Christensson
Nikolaev/a — Nyklasson
Petrov/a — Petersson
Stepanov/a — Stefansson
Nikolaev/a — Nyklasson
Pavlov/a — Paulsson
Novikov/a – Nyman
Volkov/a – Ulffson, Ulveson
Orlov/a – Ern
Lebedev/a – Svan
Berezin/a – Björk

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Women’s names on the map of St.

Petersburg

Women’s names have been on the map of St. Petersburg almost since its foundation. In 1711, Peter I founded a wooden palace and park, which received the name Yekateringof, as they were presented to his wife, the future Empress Catherine I.39 was renamed Rimsky-Korsakov Avenue). During the Soviet period, Ekateringof Park managed to visit the park on May 1 and the park of the 30th anniversary of the Komsomol, the historical name was returned to it in 1992. The name of the first empress is also Ekaterininsky Prospekt on Piskarevka, named at the beginning of the 20th century in a series of streets named after Peter’s associates. And Catherine’s Park in Tsarskoye Selo, which is now more associated with the name of Catherine the Great, is named after the palace of the same name, which traces its history back to the residence of Catherine I.

The toponymic contribution of Catherine II turned out to be more diverse, although the lifetime names in her honor have not been preserved. The Ekaterininsky Canal became the Griboedov Canal in 1923, Ekaterininsky Streets in Kronstadt in 1918 turned into Sovetskaya and Karl Liebknecht. But Ekaterininsky Square on Ostrovsky Square and Ekaterininsky Park in Kronstadt, broken in the 19th century, returned their names to the 1990s. But both Sofia Square and Sofia Boulevard (in 1923-1993 — Soviet) in Pushkin are directly related to Catherine the Great, born Sophia Augusta Fryderike. They are named after the Cathedral of St. Sofia, which was conceived as the center of the new city of Sofia, and in appearance and layout resembled the church of St. Sophia in Constantinople.

Alexandria Park and Alexandria Park (until 1993 Proletarsky) in Peterhof are called in honor of another royal person, the wife of Nicholas I, Alexandra Feodorovna. And also — the former village of Luizino and Luizinskaya street (until 1993 Konoplyannikova street). After all, her middle name as the Princess of Prussia is Louise. In general, in Peterhof and the surrounding area, many village names have been preserved, given by the children of Nicholas I, among them in honor of his daughters — Maryino, Olgino (originally Olino) and Sanino. Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna was also marked on the map of Peterhof by the Olgin Pond with the embankment of the same name, Olgin Island, the Olgin Canal and the Olgin Highway.

Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich at various times owned Pavlovsk and Oranienbaum, and in these suburbs the names of his household also remained. In Pavlovsk — three streets in honor of the daughters, Ekaterininskaya, Elizavetinskaya and Mariinskaya (until 2003 — Krupskaya, Sophia Perovskaya and Rabotnitsa streets), in Lomonosov — Ekaterininsky Lane (until 1998 — Sovetskaya Street) and Yeleninskaya Street, in honor of Mikhail’s wife, Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna. This street is famous for the fact that, according to local legend, immediately after the October Revolution, the Red Guards covered up the first letter of the name on all signs, turning it into Leninskaya, which street remained until 1998 years. But the Mariental park in Pavlovsk on the banks of the pond of the same name is associated with the name of the wife of Emperor Paul, Maria Feodorovna.

Mariental Park in Pavlovsk

Of course, naming streets according to family members was not a privilege of the royal house. This method of toponymic creativity was actively used by many landowners. For example, among the streets named on Krestovsky Island by its owners, the princes Beloselsky-Belozersky, among the female names, Olgina street and Yeleninskaya street have survived to this day. Sofiyskaya, Elizavetinskaya and Varvarinskaya streets in Ozerki and Shuvalov remind of the members of the Shuvalov family who owned this area. In Udelnaya, several streets were named after the family of the owner of the manor «Prudki», publisher and novelist A. I. Osipov, now only Lidinskaya, named after his daughter, remains. And from examples of spontaneous names, one can cite Kartakhikhin Street in the Harbor, which was fixed in the 18th century. Her name comes from the local nickname of the landlady Kartasheva — «Kartashikha». Another spontaneous name — Olginsky Pond in Sosnovka — arose historically recently, in the middle of the 20th century. It preserves the memory of Olginskaya street, named in 1912, named after the daughter of the owner of Sosnovka V. A. Ratkov-Rozhnov. In 1975 it was renamed Rue Jacques Duclos.

Olgino, 1907

Another “Olginsky” toponym arose north of Lakhta in 1907. The surroundings of St. Petersburg then embraced a real dacha boom, and Count A.V. Stenbock-Fermor, who owned vast lands along the Gulf of Finland, planned them for dacha settlements, which were named after members of his family. Olgino was named in honor of the count’s beloved, Olga Platonovna Nozhikova, whom he married, defying secular conventions, his mother’s anger and even august discontent. Olgino railway platform, open at 1911 years old and still active today. And the name of the strict mother, Maria Alexandrovna, is Mariinsky Prospekt in Lisy Nos.

There are female names in St. Petersburg names that are indirectly associated with their owners. For example, Magdalinsky Lane on Vasilyevsky Island is named after the hospital of St. Mary Magdalene, Ksenyevskaya street in Peterhof — along the chapel of St. Xenia the Blessed in the Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul. Mariinsky passage between Kirochnaya and Kavalergardskaya streets is named after the building of the Mariinsky Institute (Kirochnaya, 54), founded by Empress Maria Feodorovna in 1797 for the education of orphans of the middle class. Irinovsky Prospekt was named after the Irinovsky railway, which led to the village of Irinovka, but it is not known from which Irina it originated. A similar picture with the Anninsky highway in Gorelov and Toriki. It is clear that it leads to the village of Annino, which, in turn, has been known since the end of the 17th century (that is, from pre-Petersburg times) as Annamoisio, i.e. Anninskaya manor. But which Anna gave him her name, we do not know. And Svetlanovsky Square and Prospekt are an example of a very beautiful toponym that is not associated with a living person at all. These names come from the Svetlana plant, founded before the revolution for the production of incandescent light lamps.

Association «Svetlana», 1976-1981

After 1917, almost all toponyms associated with the «old regime» were under attack. They were replaced by a conscious toponymic glorification of new heroes — and heroines. In Petrograd-Leningrad and its environs, the names of the local revolutionary Vera Slutskaya and the German communist Rosa Luxemburg, who formed a stable toponymic couple with Karl Liebknecht, were extremely popular. In honor of Vera Slutskaya, who died at 19In 17, near Tsarskoe Selo, even Pavlovsk was renamed Slutsk (the historical name returned in 1944). There is also Slutskaya street in Pavlovsk, and Vera Slutskaya street in Kolpino. They also tried to rename the 15th line of V. O. into Vera Slutskaya Street, but the name did not take root, remaining on Vasilyevsky in the form of Vera Slutskaya’s garden. Rosa Luxemburg Street now remains only in Sergiev, and from the renaming of the 1920s in honor of the revolutionaries, Samoilova Street (formerly Nobel Street) has been preserved.

Another toponymically popular person was pilot Polina Osipenko, one of the first women Heroes of the Soviet Union. After her tragic death at 19In 1939, Osipenko streets began to appear throughout the country. Now in our city there is Osipenko street on Porokhovykh (its name was transferred from the disappeared passage), Osipenko street and lane in Komarov and Polina Osipenko street in Ust-Izhora. In 1952-1954, three names of the heroines of the Great Patriotic War appeared on the map of Leningrad, during the next campaign to destroy historical names. Gulyarnaya Street on Petrogradskaya became Lisa Chaikina Street, Ushakovskaya Street on Narvskaya Zastava became Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street, Gusev Lane became Ulyana Gromova Lane.

Graffiti with a portrait of Zina Portnova on the street of the same name, today

The practice of toponymic perpetuation continued in subsequent years, but for the most part in areas of mass development. Along with the heroines of the Great Patriotic War (Gribaleva, Zina Portnova, Yuta Bondarovskaya streets in Peterhof), nominal streets in the 1960s-1980s were honored as revolutionaries (Krupskaya street and garden, Kollontai street and bridge, Nevzorova, Stasova, Zhenya Egorova, Vera Figner streets ), and figures of science and culture (streets Savina, Sofia Kovalevskaya, Olga Forsh, Olga Berggolts). Unfortunately, even here the historical names were not destroyed: the old Gurdina street on Okhta at 1980 was renamed Moldagulova Street, in honor of the sniper, Hero of the Soviet Union; Smolyanaya Street in the Nevsky District in 1976 turned into Knipovich Street, in honor of one of the founders of the RSDLP. Separately, it must be said about Petrova Street in Pontonnoye, the name of which, assigned in the 1960s, was recently clarified in the form of Varvara Petrova Street. The head of the nursery, V. I. Petrova, died heroically in 1941, carrying children out of a burning room during the bombing.

In the recent toponymic history of St. Petersburg, both the above-mentioned returns of valuable historical names and new assignments of names in honor of the fair sex took place. One of the first signs of the new time was the appearance of Akhmatovskaya Street at 1989 in Pushkin. And in 1997, Uritsky Street in Pavlovsk was renamed Anna Zelenova Street, in honor of the director of the Pavlovsk Museum-Reserve in 1941-1979, who made a great contribution to the post-war restoration of the palace and park. In 2008-2009, three names appeared in the Petrodvorets district in honor of famous Russian ballerinas: Anna Pavlova and Galina Ulanova streets in Lomonosov and Kshesinskaya lane in Strelna. In 2004, in the name of the square of Galina Starovoitova on the corner of Suvorovsky Prospekt and Moiseenko Street, the memory of the tragically deceased St. Petersburg political figure was immortalized.

In the last decade, toponymists have been very active in using the names of gardens and squares, since there are absolutely not enough new streets to implement the growing number of perpetuating initiatives. As a result, squares of Valentina Kotova, Ekaterina Demidova, Raisa Shtreis appeared on the map, named after the Heroes of Socialist Labor, who were awarded this title for success in various fields of industry. And along with the square named after the famous singer Elena Obraztsova in St. Petersburg, the square of Lydia Clement was also named, who did not gain world fame, but at one time won the hearts of Leningraders. Toponymists could not resist the proposal to once again perpetuate the name of the sniper Aliya Moldagulova, now in the name of the square on the street of the same name. A personal toponym in the form of a street in the Primorsky district was awarded to the first Russian female aviator, Lidia Zvereva (as they said in those days, an airwoman).

Material was prepared by employees of the Toponymic Commission of St. Petersburg

What are the most common in Estonia and which are almost disappeared by

MK Estonia

9000.2019, 07:00

Irina Petrova, MK-Estonia

Rühm Tuuletroll, Tuule lasteaias

PHOTO: Foto: Priit Simson

Every parent gives his child a name according to his taste. Someone names the baby in honor of relatives, someone in honor of idols, others even want to stand out from the crowd or choose a name based on its meaning. But at all times there are trends when one wave of names is replaced by another, and generations of children in this sense are very different from each other. How do we call children now, what trends have emerged in recent years and what names prevail in the country — I found out ”MK-Estonia” .

Those who have children, who regularly go to children’s birthdays and holidays with them, could notice that today there are much fewer little Tanya, Katya, Mish, Andreev than 25 years ago. And the point is not at all that there are many international families around, in which Russian-Estonian parents choose a name corresponding to the fusion of two cultures for the baby. Even in the most Slavic families there are quite exotic names.

If daughter, then Sofia

Tallinn Tõnismäe Real School teacher Igor Kalakauskas communicates with children every day. He agrees that the names of today’s disciples are very different from those of the past.

”I noticed that now there is such a trend — many parents call their children some Western European names. Not Russian, not Estonian, namely Western European. This is especially true for girls. Now there are a lot of girls with the name Michelle, Nicole… These names are not typical for the Russian-speaking environment, but it is Russian children with such names that now come to school,” says the teacher. “I can’t say that this is universal, but very often there are boys and girls with names that are uncharacteristic for representatives of the Slavic people.”

Igor Kalakauskas adds that often such exotic names are not related to the fact that the child has a corresponding foreign or even Estonian surname, so there is some dissonance here. Some children are teased because of unfamiliar names.

“Purely Slavic, Orthodox names that have Greek roots have become much less. Vladimir, Svyatoslav, Elena — there are now much fewer children with such names, ”the school teacher shares his observations.

According to the statistics of the Tallinn Civil Registry Office, last year girls were most often registered with the following names: Sofia, Alisa, Maria, Emily, Mia, Polina, Olivia. The boys were most often called Robert, Mark, Nikita, Miron, Oliver, Artyom, Martin.

In 2017, the most popular names for girls were Sofia, Maria, Olivia, Alice, Eva, Polina, and for boys — Robert, Oliver, Nikita, Artyom, Mark and Alexander.

In 2016, the top names in the capital looked like this. Girls: Sofia, Maria, Eva, Alice, Martha, Adele. Boys: Miron, Artyom, Daniil, Robert, Arthur and Hugo.

These names have been fashionable for years. In 2014, girls were more often called Sofia, Maria, Alice and Anastasia; boys — Artems, Maxims, Roberts and Marks. It can be seen that many little Sophia, Alice and Mari have recently been born. Among the boys, Roberts and Artyoms are unconditionally in the lead.

Russian — Russian names

”In the case of names, one can note the tendency that among Russian names there is no such diversity as among Estonian ones. Russians by nationality like to give Russian names to children. For Estonians, trends change from year to year, children are given both Estonian and foreign names,” comments Ingrid Sarevet, Deputy Head and Head of the Civil Registry Department of the Tallinn Civil Registry Office.

Of course, Tallinn is not all of Estonia. But if you look at the common names given to children across the country in 2016-2017, the picture is similar. Among the girls, in descending order, the names Sofia, Maria, Alice, Mia, Eliyze predominate. Among the boys are Robin, Robert, Oliver, Daniel, Rasmus. About 15 years ago, completely different names were in use. At 1991-1995, parents named their daughters Christina, Anna, Maria, Liis, Laura, and their sons Martin, Sander, Kristjan, Alexander, Siim.

At the same time, in recent years, some names have ceased to be called at all. For example, in Estonia there are no girls named Raisa and Ludmila who are under five years old, or Claudius under 25. The number of little Valentines, Zoya also tends to zero. Among the boys under five there are no more Anatoliev, Vyacheslavov, Tarasov.

If we take the whole of Estonia and not only its recently born inhabitants, but in general all of them, then Alexander is in the first place among male names, and Olga is among female ones, even though these names have not been held in high esteem by parents lately. There are more than 12 and 10 thousand people with such names in the country, respectively, they head the general list. Originally Estonian names are lower in it, among the male names Andres is in the lead, and among the female ones — Tiina.

Aleksandrov lives most of all in Tallinn, Maardu, Loksa, Vazalemma, Kohtla-Järve, Vaivara, Mäetaguse, Kazepäe, Kallaste, Peipsjaer and Valga. Olga among women with other names are more common in Püssi, Kohtla-Nõmme, Pukhja and Mikitamäe. Despite the leadership in the overall standings, there are still more Helens in the capital.

Clouds and silences

As for ethnic Estonians, according to the portal Estonica.org, in the last decade of the 20th century they gave their children 19158 different names. This diversity is made up of proper Estonian names, for example, Malle, Vaike; Endel, Meelis, old borrowings mastered by the language — Liina, Piret; Mihkel, Siim and new names of foreign origin — Merili, Kaisa; Caspar, Rasmus.

The number of personal names increases due to differences in spelling, in addition, more and more new names are borrowed and invented, and also, compared with the earlier tradition, more double names are used.

Now, according to the same portal, most often Estonian children are called names that are popular throughout Europe. So, for example, girls are called Anna, Johanna, Kristel, Laura and Sandra, boys are called Eric, Johannes, Kevin, Markus, Martin and Sander.

Previously, the following names were popular in Estonia: until the end of the 16th century, ancient Baltic-Finnish names: Lembitu, Vootele, Meeme; until the middle of the 19th century — names borrowed from the Low German language: Marie, Triin, Liis; Andres, Juri, Märt; from the end of the 19th century until the 1920s — foreign names: Rosalia, Asta, Ellen; Edward, Arnold, Herbert; in the 1930s — Estonian names: Aino, Luule, Yye; Kalyu, Hulot, Vello; in the 1940s — old borrowings: Tiyu, Maye, Reet; Rein, Juri, Ants; at 1950-1960s — newer foreign names: Marika, Katrin, Signe; Aivar, Marko, Marek; in the 1980s, old borrowings again: Kadri, Triin, Liis; Kristjan, Indrek, Lauri.