Family page border: Family Border: Clip Art, Page Border, and Vector Graphics

Posted on 27 июня, 2021 by alexxlab

border-style — CSS: Cascading Style Sheets

The border-style shorthand CSS property sets the line style for all four sides of an element’s border.

This property is a shorthand for the following CSS properties:

border-bottom-style
border-left-style
border-right-style
border-top-style

/* Keyword values */
border-style: none;
border-style: hidden;
border-style: dotted;
border-style: dashed;
border-style: solid;
border-style: double;
border-style: groove;
border-style: ridge;
border-style: inset;
border-style: outset;
/* top and bottom | left and right */
border-style: dotted solid;
/* top | left and right | bottom */
border-style: hidden double dashed;
/* top | right | bottom | left */
border-style: none solid dotted dashed;
/* Global values */
border-style: inherit;
border-style: initial;
border-style: revert;
border-style: revert-layer;
border-style: unset;

The border-style property may be specified using one, two, three, or four values.

When one value is specified, it applies the same style to all four sides.
When two values are specified, the first style applies to the top and bottom, the second to the left and right.
When three values are specified, the first style applies to the top, the second to the left and right, the third to the bottom.
When four values are specified, the styles apply to the top, right, bottom, and left in that order (clockwise).

Each value is a keyword chosen from the list below.

Values

<line-style>

Describes the style of the border. It can have the following values:

none: Like the hidden keyword, displays no border. Unless a background-image is set, the computed value of the same side’s border-width will be 0, even if the specified value is something else. In the case of table cell and border collapsing, the none value has the lowest priority: if any other conflicting border is set, it will be displayed.
hidden: Like the none keyword, displays no border. Unless a background-image is set, the computed value of the same side’s border-width will be 0, even if the specified value is something else. In the case of table cell and border collapsing, the hidden value has the highest priority: if any other conflicting border is set, it won’t be displayed.
dotted: Displays a series of rounded dots. The spacing of the dots is not defined by the specification and is implementation-specific. The radius of the dots is half the computed value of the same side’s border-width.
dashed: Displays a series of short square-ended dashes or line segments. The exact size and length of the segments are not defined by the specification and are implementation-specific.
solid: Displays a single, straight, solid line.
double: Displays two straight lines that add up to the pixel size defined by border-width.
groove: Displays a border with a carved appearance. It is the opposite of ridge.
ridge: Displays a border with an extruded appearance. It is the opposite of groove.
inset: Displays a border that makes the element appear embedded. It is the opposite of outset. When applied to a table cell with border-collapse set to collapsed, this value behaves like groove.
outset: Displays a border that makes the element appear embossed. It is the opposite of inset. When applied to a table cell with border-collapse set to collapsed, this value behaves like ridge.

border-style = 
<line-style>{1,4}  "><line-style> = 
none    |
hidden  |
dotted  |
dashed  |
solid   |
double  |
groove  |
ridge   |
inset   |
outset

All property values

Here is an example of all the property values.

HTML

<pre>none</pre>
<pre>hidden</pre>
<pre>dotted</pre>
<pre>dashed</pre>
<pre>solid</pre>
<pre>double</pre>
<pre>groove</pre>
<pre>ridge</pre>
<pre>inset</pre>
<pre>outset</pre>

CSS

pre {
  height: 80px;
  width: 120px;
  margin: 20px;
  padding: 20px;
  display: inline-block;
  background-color: palegreen;
  border-width: 5px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* border-style example classes */
. b1 {
  border-style: none;
}
.b2 {
  border-style: hidden;
}
.b3 {
  border-style: dotted;
}
.b4 {
  border-style: dashed;
}
.b5 {
  border-style: solid;
}
.b6 {
  border-style: double;
}
.b7 {
  border-style: groove;
}
.b8 {
  border-style: ridge;
}
.b9 {
  border-style: inset;
}
.b10 {
  border-style: outset;
}

Result

Specification
Unknown specification # border-style

BCD tables only load in the browser

with JavaScript enabled. Enable JavaScript to view data.

The border-related shorthand CSS properties: border, border-width, border-color, border-radius

Last modified: Sep 9, 2022, by MDN contributors

Justice Department wants psychological examinations of parents suing after being separated from children at US-Mexico border

CNN
—

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The Justice Department wants a federal judge to require psychological examinations of some families separated at the US-Mexico border under the Trump administration as part of an ongoing lawsuit against the US government.

The request comes after the Biden administration walked away from settlement talks late last year and has raised concerns among attorneys about re-traumatizing parents whose kids were torn away from them under the controversial policy.

“This is where the government was headed as soon as the announcement came down,” said Conchita Cruz, co-executive director of the Asylum Seeker Advocacy Project, which is representing separated families in similar cases. “They were headed toward re-traumatizing these families.”

In 2018, the Trump administration announced a so-called zero tolerance policy, in which the Justice Department initiated criminal prosecutions of every adult illegally crossing the border. The policy, which was ended after widespread opposition, resulted in the separation of thousands of families, including those with infants, some only a few months old, because children can’t be kept in federal jail with their parents.

03:42
— Source:
CNN

Acosta presses ex-acting Trump DHS official about family separation policy. Hear his response

The Physicians for Human Rights likened it to “torture,” and the American Academy of Pediatrics told CNN the Trump administration’s practice of separating families at the border was “child abuse. ”

Some families have since filed lawsuits seeking damages for the toll the separations took on them. The American Civil Liberties Union filed a class action lawsuit in 2019 and attorneys representing families have filed separate claims as well.

President Joe Biden, who’s condemned the Trump administration’s family separation policy, previously endorsed the idea of the US government compensating migrant families separated at the border, saying the previous administration’s “outrageous behavior” warrants cash payments – but he didn’t go into detail about specific amounts.

Last December, the administration broke off settlement talks and went back to court.

Now, in a case concerning five asylum-seeking mothers and their children, DOJ submitted its request for psychological examinations, calling it “standard practice” in its filing and citing a similar case pending in Florida where a parent and child were examined.

In the filing, DOJ recognizes the anxiety, trauma and emotional distress separation caused on the parents, but says its selected expert should also examine them.

“Plaintiffs intend to support their claims of injury through expert testimony and have each submitted to multiple mental health evaluations by their own expert. It is standard practice for plaintiffs alleging severe emotional injury to be examined by the opposing party’s expert; indeed, in a similar family-separation case pending in the Southern District of Florida, the adult plaintiff consented to an examination by the United States’ expert under the same terms that the United States proposes here,” the filing reads.

The exam would consist of a clinical interview and a testing portion that includes a personality and emotional function test and a trauma-specific test, according to DOJ.

The Justice Department’s response in the case may be a blueprint for similar cases from migrant families against the US government.

“It’s bad enough that the Biden administration has not provided a meaningful settlement to the families separated under the Trump administration for the brutal treatment they received, but now the Biden administration is using taxpayer dollars to hire doctors to try and diminish the harm,” said ACLU attorney Lee Gelernt.

“That is hardly consistent with President Biden’s statement that the separations were criminal and an historic moral blemish on the nation,” he added.

The Asylum Seeker Advocacy Project is representing six families who were separated at the border in similar cases and assisted hundreds of other lawyers who are filing monetary damages lawsuits. Attorneys have warned families who are part of these lawsuits that they may face depositions and potential examinations but viewed it as a worst-case scenario.

“This is very aggressive. This is the thing that the Trump administration would’ve done and did do,” Cruz said, citing a case litigated under the Trump administration where a mother was deposed in a similar case.

The trauma experienced by families has been extensively documented in studies by outside groups as well as by the federal government.

The White House is seen on July 3, 2021 in Washington, DC. — Washington, DC prepares to host the annual Independence Day fireworks display on the National Mall on July 4 as the country recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic

Alex Edelman/AFP/Getty Images

First on CNN: White House hosts meeting of 19 Western Hemisphere nations to begin coordinated efforts on migrants

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Outside groups and a government watchdog have found over the years that children separated from their families under the “zero tolerance” policy experienced trauma. A 2019 Health and Human Services inspector general report included accounts of facility staff detailing the inconsolable crying of children when they were separated, confused and believing they had been abandoned by their parents.

The Biden administration has committed to helping reunite families as part of a family reunification task force and providing services to help those affected by the policy. Since the creation of the task force, 487 children have been reunified with their parents in the United States, according to a September court filing.

Attorneys are still searching for the parents of 151 children, the filing says.

As part of the effort, the Department of Homeland Security has established a process for accepting parole requests, the Department of Health and Human Services is working on facilitating services to support families and the State Department is developing a streamlined system for processing in-country travel document requests.

NIMH » Borderline Personality Disorder

Overview

Borderline personality disorder is a mental illness that severely impacts a person’s ability to regulate their emotions. This loss of emotional control can increase impulsivity, affect how a person feels about themselves, and negatively impact their relationships with others. Effective treatments are available to manage the symptoms of borderline personality disorder.

Signs and Symptoms

People with borderline personality disorder may experience intense mood swings and feel uncertainty about how they see themselves. Their feelings for others can change quickly, and swing from extreme closeness to extreme dislike. These changing feelings can lead to unstable relationships and emotional pain.

People with borderline personality disorder also tend to view things in extremes, such as all good or all bad. Their interests and values can change quickly, and they may act impulsively or recklessly.

Other signs or symptoms may include:

Efforts to avoid real or perceived abandonment, such as plunging headfirst into relationships—or ending them just as quickly.
A pattern of intense and unstable relationships with family, friends, and loved ones.
A distorted and unstable self-image or sense of self.
Impulsive and often dangerous behaviors, such as spending sprees, unsafe sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, and binge eating. Please note: If these behaviors happen mostly during times of elevated mood or energy, they may be symptoms of a mood disorder and not borderline personality disorder.
Self-harming behavior, such as cutting.
Recurring thoughts of suicidal behaviors or threats.
Intense and highly variable moods, with episodes lasting from a few hours to a few days.
Chronic feelings of emptiness.
Inappropriate, intense anger or problems controlling anger.
Feelings of dissociation, such as feeling cut off from oneself, observing oneself from outside one’s body, or feelings of unreality.

Not everyone with borderline personality disorder may experience all of these symptoms. The severity, frequency, and duration of symptoms depend on the person and their illness.

People with borderline personality disorder have a significantly higher rate of self-harming and suicidal behavior than the general population.

People with borderline personality disorder who are thinking of harming themselves or attempting suicide need help right away.

If you or someone you know is in immediate distress or is thinking about hurting themselves, call or text the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org. You can also contact the Crisis Text Line (text HELLO to 741741).

Risk Factors

Researchers aren’t sure what causes borderline personality disorder, but studies suggest that genetic, environmental, and social factors may increase the risk of developing it. These factors may include:

Family history: People who have a close family member (such as a parent or sibling) with the illness may be at a higher risk of developing borderline personality disorder.
Brain structure and function: Research shows that people with borderline personality disorder may have structural and functional changes in the brain, especially in the areas that control impulses and emotion regulation. However, the studies do not demonstrate whether these changes were risk factors for the illness or if such changes were caused by the disorder.
Environmental, cultural, and social factors: Many people with borderline personality disorder report experiencing traumatic life events, such as abuse, abandonment, or hardship during childhood. Others may have been exposed to unstable, invalidating relationships or conflicts.

Although these factors may increase a person’s risk, it doesn’t mean it is certain that they’ll develop borderline personality disorder. Likewise, people without these risk factors may develop the disorder in their lifetime.

Diagnosis

A licensed mental health professional—such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, or clinical social worker—who is experienced in diagnosing and treating mental disorders can diagnose borderline personality disorder based on a thorough interview and a discussion about symptoms. A careful and thorough medical exam also can help rule out other possible causes of symptoms. In diagnosing the illness, providers will discuss a person’s symptoms and ask about family medical histories, including histories of mental illness.

Borderline personality disorder is usually diagnosed in late adolescence or early adulthood. Occasionally, a person younger than age 18 may be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder if symptoms are significant and last at least a year.

What other illnesses can co-occur with borderline personality disorder?

Borderline personality disorder often occurs with other mental illnesses, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These co-occurring disorders can make it harder to diagnose and treat borderline personality disorder, especially if symptoms of other illnesses overlap with symptoms of the disorder. For example, a person with borderline personality disorder also may be more likely to experience symptoms of major depression, PTSD, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, or eating disorders.

Treatments and Therapies

Borderline personality disorder historically has been viewed as challenging to treat. But with newer, evidence-based treatment, many people with this disorder experience fewer and less severe symptoms, improved functioning, and better quality of life. It is important for patients with borderline personality disorder to receive treatment from a licensed mental health professional. Other types of treatment, or treatment from a provider who is not appropriately trained, may be ineffective or dangerous.

Many factors affect the length of time it takes for symptoms to improve once treatment begins. It is important for people with borderline personality disorder and their loved ones to be patient and receive support during treatment.

Seek—and stick with—treatment.

Studies funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) indicate that individuals with borderline personality disorder who don’t receive adequate treatment are more likely to develop other chronic medical or mental illnesses and are less likely to make healthy lifestyle choices.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy, sometimes called “talk therapy,” is the first-line treatment for people with borderline personality disorder. Most psychotherapy occurs with a licensed, trained mental health professional in one-on-one sessions or with other individuals in group settings. Group sessions may help teach people with borderline personality disorder to interact with others and express themselves effectively.

Two examples of psychotherapies used to treat borderline personality disorder are:

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): This treatment was developed specifically for individuals with borderline personality disorder. DBT uses concepts of mindfulness or awareness of one’s present situation and emotional state. DBT also teaches skills to help people control intense emotions, reduce self-destructive behaviors, and improve relationships.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): This treatment can help people identify and change core beliefs and behaviors that come from inaccurate perceptions of themselves and others and problems interacting with others. It may help people reduce mood swings and anxiety symptoms and may reduce the number of self-harming or suicidal behaviors.

Read more on NIMH’s Psychotherapies health topic page.

Medications

Because the benefits of prescription medication for borderline personality disorder are unclear, medications aren’t typically used as the primary way to treat the illness. However, in some cases, a psychiatrist may recommend medications to treat specific symptoms or co-occurring mental disorders such as mood swings or depression. Treatment with medications may require coordinated care from more than one medical professional.

Medications also can sometimes cause side effects in some people. Talk to your provider about what to expect from a particular medication. Read more in NIMH’s Mental Health Medications health topic.

Other Elements of Care

Some people with borderline personality disorder experience severe symptoms and need intensive, often inpatient, care. Others may use some outpatient treatments but never need hospitalization or emergency care.

Therapy for Caregivers and Family Members

Having a relative or loved one with the disorder can be stressful, and family members or caregivers may unintentionally act in ways that can worsen their loved one’s symptoms.

Although more research is needed to determine how well family therapy helps with borderline personality disorder, studies on other mental disorders show that including family members can help support a person’s treatment. Families and caregivers also can benefit from therapy.

Family therapy helps by:

Allowing the relative or loved one to develop skills to understand and support a person with borderline personality disorder.
Focusing on the needs of family members to help them understand the obstacles and strategies for caring for someone with the disorder.

Finding Help

If you’re not sure where to get help, a health care provider can refer you to a licensed mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist with experience treating borderline personality disorder. If you need help starting the conversation, check out the Tips for Talking With Your Health Care Provider fact sheet.

Other resources include:

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator, a tool for finding mental health services in your area
NIMH’s Help for Mental Illnesses webpage
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s website

Tips for Family and Caregivers

Here are some ways to help a friend or relative with the disorder:

Take time to learn about the illness to understand what your friend or relative is experiencing.
Offer emotional support, understanding, patience, and encouragement. Change can be difficult and frightening to people with borderline personality disorder, but things can improve over time.
Encourage your loved one in treatment for borderline personality disorder to ask about family therapy.
Seek counseling for yourself. Choose a different therapist than the one your relative is seeing.

Join a Study

Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. The goal of clinical trials is to determine if a new test or treatment works and is safe. Although individuals may benefit from being part of a clinical trial, participants should be aware that the primary purpose of a clinical trial is to gain new scientific knowledge so that others may be better helped in the future.

Researchers at NIMH and around the country conduct many studies with patients and healthy volunteers. We have new and better treatment options today because of what clinical trials uncovered years ago. Be part of tomorrow’s medical breakthroughs. Talk to your health care provider about clinical trials, their benefits and risks, and whether one is right for you.

To learn more or find a study, visit:

NIMH’s Clinical Trials webpage: Information about participating in clinical trials
Clinicaltrials. gov: Current Studies on Borderline Personality Disorders: List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country

Health Hotlines

988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline: The Lifeline provides 24-hour, confidential support to anyone in suicidal crisis or emotional distress. Call or text 988 to connect with a trained crisis counselor. Support is also available via live chat. Para ayuda en español, llame al 988.
Disaster Distress Hotline: People affected by any disaster or tragedy can call this helpline, sponsored by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, to receive immediate counseling. Call or text 1-800-985-5990 to connect with a trained professional from the closest crisis counseling center within the network.
Veterans Crisis Line: This helpline is a free, confidential resource for Veterans of all ages and circumstances. Call 1-800-273-8255, press «1»; text 838255; or chat online to connect with 24/7 support.
Crisis Text Line: Text HELLO to 741741 for free and confidential support 24 hours a day throughout the U.S.
More NIH Information Lines

Learn More

Free Brochures and Shareable Resources

Borderline Personality Disorder: A brochure that offers basic information about borderline personality disorder, including signs and symptoms, treatment, and finding help. Also available en español.
5 Action Steps for Helping Someone in Emotional Pain: Infographic presenting five steps for helping someone in emotional pain to prevent suicide. Also available en español.
Suicide in America: Frequently Asked Questions: Fact sheet can help you, or a friend or family member, learn about the signs and symptoms, risk factors and warning signs, and ongoing research about suicide and suicide prevention. Also available en español.
Warning Signs of Suicide: An infographic presenting behaviors and feelings that may be warnings signs that someone is thinking about suicide. Also available en español.
Shareable Resources on Borderline Personality Disorder: Help support borderline personality disorder awareness and education in your community. Use these digital resources, including graphics and messages, to spread the word about borderline personality disorder.

Multimedia

Experts Discuss Borderline Personality Disorder: Learn the signs, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, and the latest research on borderline personality disorder.

Federal Resources

Borderline Personality Disorder (MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia)
Introduction to Co-Occurring Borderline Personality Disorder and Substance Use Disorders (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration)
Personality Disorders (MedlinePlus — also en español)

Research and Statistics

Journal Articles: References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine).
Statistics: Personality Disorders: Webpage listing information on the prevalence of personality disorder among adults.

Last Revised: April 2022

Unless otherwise specified, NIMH information and publications are in the public domain and available for use free of charge. Citation of the NIMH is appreciated. Please see our Citing NIMH Information and Publications page for more information.

A dramatic shift at the border as migrants converge on a remote corner of South Texas

Caption

Venezuelan migrants Kimberly González and Denny Velasco and their children wait for a bus at Mission: Border Hope in Eagle Pass, Texas.

It was late afternoon when José Albornoz emerged, tired and soaking wet, from the Rio Grande near Eagle Pass, Texas.

The first person he encountered on the U.S. side was Luis Valderrama, a former U.S. Border Patrol agent who owns the cattle ranch where Albornoz was now standing.

«What’s under your shirt?» Valderrama asked in Spanish.

It was a good question. There was a huge bulge visible under Albornoz’s black T-shirt that could have been anything. Valderrama asked Albornoz if he had a gun or a knife.

«Don’t be worried. I’m not carrying anything bad,» Albornoz said, pulling out a wet plastic garbage bag.

He took out a dry change of clothes, a small bag with his documents, some throat lozenges, and — most importantly — his smartphone.

«My trip was organized and planned by Google, practically, not me,» Albornoz said in Spanish, laughing.

Then he turned on his phone to call his wife back in Venezuela to let her know he’d made it to Texas.

Caption

A group heads back to Mexico after trying to cross the Rio Grande in Eagle Pass, Texas. Life vests and other discarded belongings are seen near the river.

Albornoz crossed the river in what has become one of the busiest corridors on the southern border. Many of the migrants who later wind up on buses or planes to the north pass first through this remote stretch of the Rio Grande.

NPR spoke with dozens of migrants, who said they’re choosing to cross here because they’ve heard from other migrants that the journey is relatively safe.

This new wave of migrants is coming largely from Venezuela, Cuba and Nicaragua. That’s significant because these migrants generally cannot be expelled under the pandemic border restrictions known as Title 42. And immigration authorities are mostly releasing them into the United States, where they can seek asylum.

In August alone, the Border Patrol recorded more than 50,000 apprehensions in the Del Rio sector, which includes Eagle Pass — tens of thousands more than in traditional migration corridors like the Rio Grande Valley and El Paso. The number of migrants arriving from Venezuela, Cuba and Nicaragua was nearly equal to the number from Mexico and northern Central America.

«This is something that we have never seen before,» said Valderrama. «It’s incredible what’s going on right now.»

Immigrant advocates improvise to accommodate thousands of migrants

Immigrant advocates in Eagle Pass had never seen numbers like these before, either. So they’ve had to improvise.

When migrants are released from U.S. custody in Eagle Pass, they’re dropped off by bus at a former warehouse on the outskirts of town. A non-profit called Mission: Border Hope has transformed the building into a bustling way station for migrants.

Caption

Migrants frequently cross the Rio Grande under an international bridge in downtown Eagle Pass. Venezuelan asylum seekers Darwin Sánchez and Marli Herrera, left, and Leidy Leal and Raullys Olivares, right, wait to be processed by border patrol.

«Our main purpose is to help them continue their journey,» said Valeria Wheeler, the group’s executive director.

There are showers, and a kitchen handing out free sandwiches. There’s also a counter where migrants can buy a bus ticket to San Antonio, and catch another bus or a plane to wherever they’re going.

She says the group moved into this space in April, after their contacts at the Border Patrol urged them to.

«Actually this place was built because of the anticipation they had,» Wheeler said. «They told us: ‘Valeria, you will need a bigger place. There’s gonna be a lot of more people.’ «

The Border Patrol was right. Mission: Border Hope is now serving about 500 migrants a day, or more. When NPR is there, many of them are either charging their smartphones or talking into them — trying to sort out their travel plans, or getting money from friends and relatives to pay for their tickets.

Caption

Valeria Wheeler is the executive director at Mission: Border Hope.

The majority of these migrants are young men, but some are older. There are a few families here, too.

«My kids’ future was very uncertain in Venezuela – that’s why we wanted to leave,» said Denny Velasco, a migrant traveling with his wife, Kimberly González, and their two young kids, ages 3 and 10 months.

«It’s not safe, you live in fear,» Velasco said in Spanish.

Both Velasco and González have degrees in business, and they were both working at a car dealership in Caracas. But they say the economy in Venezuela has collapsed. They could barely afford to feed their kids, and their neighborhood was overrun by gangs.

Caption

Migrants including Denny Velasco and his family, wait at Mission: Border Hope in Eagle Pass, Texas, to board the buses to continue their journey in the United States.

«People we knew said this was a safe place to cross, many have crossed here in recent months,» González said.

Still, the journey was dangerous, she said. They had to cross the jungle in Panama, and avoid drug cartels in Mexico. When they finally got to the Rio Grande, the river was high. It took them four tries to cross.

Velasco says he sometimes feels guilty putting his children through all this.

«I never asked my baby girl if she wanted to come. I never asked [my son] if he wanted to make the journey,» he said. «Even though we are doing it for them.»

Then it was time for the family to get on the bus to San Antonio, and on from there to Los Angeles.

Few migrants stay in Eagle Pass for long

Some of the migrants who pass through Mission: Border Hope choose to take the buses to New York and Chicago and Washington, D.C., paid for by the state of Texas. Very few stay at the border for more than a day or two.

NPR spoke with dozens of residents in downtown Eagle Pass, and many expressed sympathy for the migrants.

Caption

Owner Gerardo «Jerry» Morales behind the counter at the Piedras Negras Tortilla Factory in Eagle Pass, Texas.

That includes Gerardo «Jerry» Morales, a county commissioner who also owns a local business, the Piedras Negras Tortilla Factory.

«Being in a border town, you kind of grew up with this,» Morales said. «A big percentage of them are passing by. They’re not staying here.»

In fact, Morales said, he’d like to hire some of these migrants to work for him if he could.

«We’ve been short staffed for the past three years, hiring and hiring and hiring. And people in the U.S. don’t want to work,» he said. «What’s broken with our system, that we can’t get people to work right now? Yet you have these people coming in that want to work.»

Migrants who seek asylum can apply for work permits after six months. They cannot work legally until those permits are issued, though many do find employment more quickly.

But not everyone around Eagle Pass is happy about this new shift in migration. Many ranchers and pecan farmers outside of town don’t like it, because often the migrants are crossing on their land.

Caption

Border Patrol agents inspect the Rio Grande on an airboat. Footprints are seen by the river on Luis Valderrama’s property.

The impact of migrants on ranches and farms

Rancher Luis Valderrama raises cattle on 350 acres overlooking the Rio Grande, covered in carrizo cane and blooming purple bushes called cenizo. He agreed to show NPR where big groups of migrants have cut holes in his fences.

As the sun went down, Valderrama drove his ATV to a spot on the banks of the river where big groups of migrants have recently crossed.

«It looks like they’re changing here,» Valderrama said, pointing at large piles of discarded clothes, water bottles, shoes, backpacks, garbage bags and more.

Valderrama says some of his cows have died after eating trash left behind by migrants. And that’s not the only thing that bothers him. A few weeks ago, Texas State Guard troops put in a brand new fence here, with razor wire across the top.

Caption

Luis Valderrama at his ranch along the Rio Grande near Eagle Pass, Texas.

«I was happy with the idea of a fence. Because it would keep my cows from getting out even further,» he said.

But just a few days later, he’d already noticed a hole where migrants had cut their way through the brand-new fence.

«Unless you have people responding and out here working, it’s just a visual effect. It’s not deterring anybody,» he said.

Valderrama spent 24 years with the Border Patrol, and he does not like what he’s seeing at the border today. He thinks the Biden administration is sending the wrong message by releasing so many migrants into the interior, which Valderrama argues is encouraging more people to cross illegally.

«If the immigrants knew that you weren’t going to be released, and they were going to go to a detention camp and wait for a hearing, and they’d be in a camp for six months to a year, they would stop coming,» Valderrama said.

But Valderrama has some sympathy for migrants, too. His mother was born in Mexico, he said, and he’s got dual citizenship.

«I see why they’re coming over. If the doors are open, the welcome flag is up,» he said. «If I was from that side, I’d do the same thing.»

Caption

José Albornoz encounters Luis Valderrama on the banks of the Rio Grande. A sign on Valderrama’s property guides migrants to turn themselves.

‘If I didn’t try, I’d regret it forever’

It’s just then that the interview with Valderrama was interrupted by José Albornoz.

The Venezuelan migrant appeared in the middle of a dirt road near the river, soaking wet and breathing heavily. He’s not young or skinny like a lot of migrants who cross here, and stopped in the shade to catch his breath.

Albornoz explained that he’d been walking since 3 in the morning, trying to avoid trouble from drug cartels or Mexican police.

«We migrants are not people. We are only walking dollar signs from the time we leave our country,» he said. «You have to pay everyone for everything along the way.»

Albornoz says he brought $2,000 on the trip and spent all of it on the way. He didn’t have enough left to pay anyone to help him cross the river in a large group, he says, which is why he crossed alone.

Back in Venezuela, Albornoz had a job at a company that makes bully sticks, a kind of dog treat that’s popular in the United States. The company was successful, Albornoz says. But that meant it was constantly getting harassed for payoffs by corrupt government officials.

Albornoz was barely making enough to support his family, he said. So he left his wife and three daughters back home in Barinas, Venezuela, and he’s trying to start over in the United States at age 40.

«I understand that the U.S. is helping Venezuelans by allowing us to come in and work here so we can help our families there,» Albornoz said. «It’s better to say I tried and failed than not to try. If I didn’t try, I’d regret it forever.»

Caption

Venezuelan asylum seekers make their way to turn themselves into Border Patrol in Eagle Pass.

Then Albornoz climbed into Valderrama’s ATV, and the rancher drove up the hill toward the main highway. Valderrama took out his phone and speed dialed the Border Patrol. A few minutes later, an agent pulled up in a pickup truck. He asked Albornoz a few questions. Albornoz climbed in, and the truck pulled away.

José Albornoz texted a few weeks later from Montana, where he’s already found a job in construction.

«I think I’ll stay here for a good long time,» he said.

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Texas

In dramatic shift, migrants cross the border in remote South Texas towns : NPR

Venezuelan migrants Kimberly González and Denny Velasco and their children wait for a bus at Mission: Border Hope in Eagle Pass, Texas.

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Venezuelan migrants Kimberly González and Denny Velasco and their children wait for a bus at Mission: Border Hope in Eagle Pass, Texas.

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It was late afternoon when José Albornoz emerged, tired and soaking wet, from the Rio Grande near Eagle Pass, Texas.

The first person he encountered on the U.S. side was Luis Valderrama, a former U.S. Border Patrol agent who owns the cattle ranch where Albornoz was now standing.

«What’s under your shirt?» Valderrama asked in Spanish.

It was a good question. There was a huge bulge visible under Albornoz’s black T-shirt that could have been anything. Valderrama asked Albornoz if he had a gun or a knife.

«Don’t be worried. I’m not carrying anything bad,» Albornoz said, pulling out a wet plastic garbage bag.

He took out a dry change of clothes, a small bag with his documents, some throat lozenges, and — most importantly — his smartphone.

«My trip was organized and planned by Google, practically, not me,» Albornoz said in Spanish, laughing.

Then he turned on his phone to call his wife back in Venezuela to let her know he’d made it to Texas.

A group heads back to Mexico after trying to cross the Rio Grande in Eagle Pass, Texas. Life vests and other discarded belongings are seen near the river.

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NPR spoke with dozens of migrants, who said they’re choosing to cross here because they’ve heard from other migrants that the journey is relatively safe.

«This is something that we have never seen before,» said Valderrama. «It’s incredible what’s going on right now.»

Immigrant advocates improvise to accommodate thousands of migrants

Immigrant advocates in Eagle Pass had never seen numbers like these before, either. So they’ve had to improvise.

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«Our main purpose is to help them continue their journey,» said Valeria Wheeler, the group’s executive director.

She says the group moved into this space in April, after their contacts at the Border Patrol urged them to.

«Actually this place was built because of the anticipation they had,» Wheeler said. «They told us: ‘Valeria, you will need a bigger place. There’s gonna be a lot of more people.’ «

Valeria Wheeler is the executive director at Mission: Border Hope.

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Valeria Wheeler is the executive director at Mission: Border Hope.

Verónica G. Cárdenas for NPR

The majority of these migrants are young men, but some are older. There are a few families here, too.

«It’s not safe, you live in fear,» Velasco said in Spanish.

Migrants including Denny Velasco and his family, wait at Mission: Border Hope in Eagle Pass, Texas, to board the buses to continue their journey in the United States.

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«People we knew said this was a safe place to cross, many have crossed here in recent months,» González said.

Velasco says he sometimes feels guilty putting his children through all this.

«I never asked my baby girl if she wanted to come. I never asked [my son] if he wanted to make the journey,» he said. «Even though we are doing it for them.»

Then it was time for the family to get on the bus to San Antonio, and on from there to Los Angeles.

Few migrants stay in Eagle Pass for long

NPR spoke with dozens of residents in downtown Eagle Pass, and many expressed sympathy for the migrants.

Owner Gerardo «Jerry» Morales behind the counter at the Piedras Negras Tortilla Factory in Eagle Pass, Texas.

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Owner Gerardo «Jerry» Morales behind the counter at the Piedras Negras Tortilla Factory in Eagle Pass, Texas.

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That includes Gerardo «Jerry» Morales, a county commissioner who also owns a local business, the Piedras Negras Tortilla Factory.

«Being in a border town, you kind of grew up with this,» Morales said. «A big percentage of them are passing by. They’re not staying here.»

In fact, Morales said, he’d like to hire some of these migrants to work for him if he could.

Migrants who seek asylum can apply for work permits after six months. They cannot work legally until those permits are issued, though many do find employment more quickly.

But not everyone around Eagle Pass is happy about this new shift in migration. Many ranchers and pecan farmers outside of town don’t like it, because often the migrants are crossing on their land.

Border Patrol agents inspect the Rio Grande on an airboat. Footprints are seen by the river on Luis Valderrama’s property.

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The impact of migrants on ranches and farms

As the sun went down, Valderrama drove his ATV to a spot on the banks of the river where big groups of migrants have recently crossed.

«It looks like they’re changing here,» Valderrama said, pointing at large piles of discarded clothes, water bottles, shoes, backpacks, garbage bags and more.

Luis Valderrama at his ranch along the Rio Grande near Eagle Pass, Texas.

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Luis Valderrama at his ranch along the Rio Grande near Eagle Pass, Texas.

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«I was happy with the idea of a fence. Because it would keep my cows from getting out even further,» he said.

But just a few days later, he’d already noticed a hole where migrants had cut their way through the brand-new fence.

«Unless you have people responding and out here working, it’s just a visual effect. It’s not deterring anybody,» he said.

But Valderrama has some sympathy for migrants, too. His mother was born in Mexico, he said, and he’s got dual citizenship.

«I see why they’re coming over. If the doors are open, the welcome flag is up,» he said. «If I was from that side, I’d do the same thing.»

José Albornoz encounters Luis Valderrama on the banks of the Rio Grande. A sign on Valderrama’s property guides migrants to turn themselves.

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‘If I didn’t try, I’d regret it forever’

It’s just then that the interview with Valderrama was interrupted by José Albornoz.

Albornoz explained that he’d been walking since 3 in the morning, trying to avoid trouble from drug cartels or Mexican police.

«We migrants are not people. We are only walking dollar signs from the time we leave our country,» he said. «You have to pay everyone for everything along the way.»

Venezuelan asylum seekers make their way to turn themselves into Border Patrol in Eagle Pass.

Verónica G. Cárdenas for NPR

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Venezuelan asylum seekers make their way to turn themselves into Border Patrol in Eagle Pass.

Verónica G. Cárdenas for NPR

José Albornoz texted a few weeks later from Montana, where he’s already found a job in construction.

«I think I’ll stay here for a good long time,» he said.

Austria to launch checks at Slovak border to stop migrants

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FILE — Austrian Chancellor Karl Nehammer addresses the media during a joint press conference with Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban in Vienna, Austria, on July 28, 2022. Austria announced Wednesday, Sept. 28, 2022 that it will start checks at its border crossings with Slovakia, following a similar decision by the Czech Republic, in a move that’s aimed at keeping migrants from entering.Theresa Wey/AP

BERLIN (AP) — Austria announced Wednesday that it will start checks at its border crossings with Slovakia, following a similar decision by the Czech Republic, in a move that’s aimed at keeping migrants from entering.

The measure becomes effective at midnight Wednesday, the Austrian government said.

The Austrian interior ministry said the border controls are a response to the Czech Republic’s announcement, a day earlier, of controls on its border with Slovakia starting Thursday, and aim to ensure that human traffickers do not use Austria as an alternative.

“We have to react before the smugglers react,” Austrian Interior Minister Gerhard Karner told public broadcaster ORF.

Austria, the Czech Republic and Slovakia all belong to the European Union’s visa-free Schengen zone where people can normally cross borders without getting checked. However, temporary border controls have repeatedly been reinstated in the past, whether to prevent the spread of the coronavirus in the early days of the pandemic or to stop migrants from entering illegally.

Austrian Chancellor Karl Nehammer told reporters later on Wednesday that he would meet Hungarian President Viktor Orban and Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic next week to discuss the issue of migration.

“The states are not doing this for their own sake, but to fight organized crime and smuggling and to reduce the pressure from the borders,” Nehammer said in Vienna.

Austria introduced controls along its borders with Hungary and Slovenia in 2015, when more than 1 million migrants from war-torn countries like Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan entered the European Union. The Alpine country has repeatedly extended those controls, which remain in place.

Back then, only about 8,500 migrants were detained in the Czech Republic, while this year so far 12,000 migrants have been detained, the Czech interior ministry said, adding that most of them were Syrians. A total of 125 human smugglers have been arrested in the Czech Republic this year, a significant increase compared with the previous years.

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Most migrants don’t want to stay in the Czech Republic or Slovakia, but travel through them to reach wealthier places like Germany, Sweden or Austria.

The Austrian border controls will initially be enforced at 11 crossing to Slovakia for 10 days.

___

Karel Janicek contributed this report from Prague.

___

Follow all AP stories on migration at https://apnews.com/hub/migration

Developer plans single-family housing on former Chick’s site
‘It feels like home for us’: Romanian couple brings Transilvania Restaurant and Bar to East Haven
Video shows CT state police trooper tasing man for over a minute. He died four days later.
Incomplete sidewalks? West Haven officials say it’s complicated
North Haven police: Man accused of sexually assaulting child
Despite loss and job cuts, Yale New Haven Health still eyes three new hospitals — ‘at this point’
With bullets striking houses, Hamden residents ‘do not feel safe’

The boundaries of the family and its subsystems.

Hierarchy in the family system.

(According to A.Ya. Varga, Systemic Family Psychotherapy, Lectures on Systemic Family Psychotherapy)

Family boundaries — the fourth parameter of the description of the family system. Every person living in a family has an idea of who else is in his family. This representation defines the boundaries of the family. People living in the same family may have different ideas about its boundaries. For example, a man married a woman with an adult child; they live together. The man believes that his family consists of two people — himself and his wife. The wife believes that her family consists of three people — herself, her son and her husband. Mismatching ideas about family boundaries can be a source of serious disagreement.

Family boundaries may be very porous or more closed. The permeability of boundaries sets the style of life in the family. An open family is full of people, guests who come unannounced, relatives from other cities. No special treats are prepared for guests, children are strictly separated from adults, for example, they, as a rule, go to bed on their own, do their homework and generally live their own lives. This is understandable: adults are not up to them. With more closed family boundaries, guests come only by invitation, there is a special ritual for receiving guests, for example, refreshments, festive dishes, cleaning the day before. In such a family, children are usually less independent, adults are more included in their lives. As you can see, there is a certain pattern: the more closed the external boundaries of the family system, the more open the boundaries of the intra-family subsystems. The arrangement of the boundaries of family subsystems determines the coalitions that exist in the family.

Any system has its own boundaries, which determine its structure and, accordingly, the content of the psychodynamics of family life is determined. The outer boundaries of families are changing before our eyes. Recall that at the beginning of the existence of the Soviet Union, the borders of the state were gradually closed, but since the system as a whole had to remain unchanged, the borders of families were opened. This was reflected in the way of life and laws, in the mechanisms of domestic policy: maternity leave was reduced and a nursery system arose, since it was believed that «the state is the best educator.» A whole generation of children grew up who were brought up in children’s institutions. There was a party organization that interfered in the life of the family: it was possible to convey that the husband was cheating, and the party organization scolded him, and could even demand to stop the affair on the side. Back in my time, in the application forms for obtaining a foreign passport, I wrote: «The reasons for my divorce are known to the party organization.» These were completely blurred family boundaries. Accordingly, the boundaries of subsystems within the family were more rigid. Children spent much more time on the street, there were these very children’s companies (now it is called «children were more friends»). The law of homeostasis worked. There was a completely different degree of contact between parents and children. The outside world seemed safer, although «if you talk to people who were children immediately after the war in Moscow, then the stories that happened to them on the streets were worse than those that, we suppose, can happen to our children now in Moscow streets, but then it was not considered dangerous, it was considered normal.0003

Then the borders of the state began to open up. It has become easy to travel abroad, the information blockade has ended, Western goods have appeared. The borders of the state were opened — the borders of the family were closed. Now it is already considered good that the child does not go to the nursery. Today, adults are worried: a home child goes to school, but how can he instill communication skills, maybe send him to kindergarten for the last six months? Now I don’t like it when the child grows the way it used to. That is, a positive attitude towards closed family boundaries is being formed in the public mind. If the boundaries of the family are closed (that is, the house is very closed, guests come on specific occasions and only by invitation, the rituals and rules of behavior with guests are known, and the manner of behavior of the family with guests is one, without guests — another), then the boundaries of the subsystems become very blurred . In these families, parents devote a lot of time to their children. There, the justification of these very closed borders often occurs through the justification of the upbringing system. Such people say: «Children need to be taken care of.» And then adults take responsibility for some children’s affairs. There is a behavioral design of blurred boundaries of the subsystem: the mother does homework with the child, the child knows that he is not responsible for going to school with the lessons done, and the mother knows that if the child received a deuce, then this is her deuce. I’m not talking about the fact that all these coalitions, for example, mothers with a child, are a redistribution of roles within the family. The mother and child are in a coalition, the father in this family is on the periphery. He does not take part in the emotional life and meaningful life.

Vertical coalitions, as we remember, are dysfunctional. Therefore, when you describe a family system, you must also describe its boundaries, that is, you must answer the question of where, what and how the boundaries are. Why are borders being redrawn? One of the mechanisms for regularly changing the boundaries of subsystems is the formation of «triangles».

Example. Mom, dad, baby and TV. The evening triangle is formed when the baby is sleeping. There are difficult marital interactions in the family and, consequently, the child is a mediator between the parents. When the child is awake, the triangle is mom, dad and baby. For example, they are very loving parents, and the meaning of their marriage is given by the joint upbringing of the child, the performance of parental functions. Parents, of course, are interested in the child, his affairs, they communicate with each other, discussing the life of the child. When a child has problems, parents unite and help him. They respect this parenthood in themselves, they like it, they like being parents. When the child goes to bed, another triangle starts working — mom, dad and TV, and again everything is fine (Fig. 14).

The problem occurs when there is no electricity.

Question: What if they want to watch different programs?

AB: They can, for example, watch two different TV sets. And then ask each other who watched what. The usual situation: there are no problems when there is a child, and there are problems when there is no child.

Coalitions are usually visible from the first minute when the family comes to you. The only thing you have to provide for this is a large number of seats. If they have a choice of how to sit, then you can see the coalition immediately by the way they are located in space. Usually members of the same coalition try to sit side by side. Peripheral family members sit at some distance. If there are two coalitions in the family, then often they are located at a noticeable distance from each other in the psychotherapist’s office.

At her lectures, Budinaite also spoke about the fact that the existing boundaries within the family create some subsystems, namely:

1) marital subsystem

2) baby subsystem

Possible types of structural disturbances:

1. Formation of coalitions (what was discussed above). When the boundaries are violated, it is possible that the vertical connections become stronger than the horizontal ones, which is dysfunctional.

Functional coalitions are a marital subsystem and a children’s subsystem. The remaining variants of coalitions are, as a rule, dysfunctional. Dysfunctional coalitions that indicate problems in the family are, for example, the subsystem of mother and children, on the one hand, and father, on the other. Or a mother with one child against a father with another child. Or a wife with her parents in a coalition against her husband with her parents. There are many examples. Family coalitions indicate structure and hierarchy in the family, as well as a family problem. Coalitions are the central concept of the structural approach in systemic family therapy (Minukhin, Fishman, 1998). Example:

Mom asked about her ten-year-old son. The boy refused to go to school and stay at home alone. Mom had to leave work to sit with him. Moreover, after a while the boy moved to spend the night in the matrimonial bedroom of his parents. There has always been a mother-son coalition in the family. Dad was on the periphery of the family system, worked hard, sent his wife and son to rest abroad, but he didn’t go with them himself — there wasn’t enough money for three. Dad went grocery shopping after work and cooked at home on the weekends. His weight and position in the family were very insignificant. The little tyrant — his son — rightly judged that he would easily take the place of his father next to his mother. The required impact in this case is to change family coalitions and give the child a proper place. The position of the father must be strengthened, the coalition of mother and son destroyed. This is necessary because the boy will soon be faced with the task of overcoming an identity crisis, which is very difficult to do without going through separation from his family.

2. Breaking the hierarchy (more on that below)

3. Violation of roles and functions.

4. Violation of cohesion and flexibility (Olson model)

Hierarchy in the family system.

The term hierarchy covers several fundamental theoretical assumptions. A number of authors define it as authority, dominance, power to make decisions or the degree of influence of one family member on others, control (Mooz, 1974; Madanes, 1999; \UPNat5op, 1981; ONyep & Ke155, 1984; Broot, 1985). Control means not only influencing others (for example, controlling children), but also in decision-making in the family. The concept of hierarchy is also used in the study of changes in the structure of roles and rules within the family (015on, 1985; Oykerson & Soupe, 1987). Hierarchy is a necessary attribute of the existence of the system, because all living beings capable of learning organize themselves and build a hierarchy. Hierarchy is inherent in the nature of the organization and is maintained by all its members.

In most families, the parents are responsible for the children and therefore have full power in the nuclear family. Members of a normally functioning family adhere to generally accepted norms of the division of power. However, if there are insufficiently clear boundaries between parental and child subsystems in the family, then parents can make children partners. This variant is called an inverted hierarchy. A distinctive feature of such families is that the status of the child in them is higher than the status of the parent. These are families where a parent can even be proud that the child is his best friend. For example, a mother can discuss with her daughter her infidelities to her husband, making the daughter an accomplice in this secret. In this case, it is no longer clear who is the mother and who is the daughter.

Another example is when one of the parents falls ill and the child begins to act as a parent in relation to him. Such examples abound in alcoholic families, in which the son (or daughter) can replace the mother of the drinking spouse. This phenomenon is called parentification (from the English ragesh; 5 — parents). Usually in such families we see infantile parents and children who perform parental functions.

Another variant of the inverted hierarchy develops if 9 are violated in the family0007 generation boundaries. This term is used to show differences in intergenerational rules, intimacy and hierarchy. In general, the decisive voice in making decisions vital for the family belongs to the members of the nuclear family, and the members of the extended family have an advisory one. However, there are times when spouses cannot make a single decision without consulting their parents because of their experience, responsibility and material resources. Often in such families there are coalitions through the generation, where cohesion or devotion to each other between parent and child is greater than between parents (Haley, 1973).

Another variant of the broken hierarchy may be related to the imbalance of the hierarchy in the child subsystem. Two options are possible here: either excessive hierarchization, when one child bears an unbearable burden of parental functions, being responsible for all other children. The second option is related to the lack of hierarchy. In this case, there is someone (often the mother) who regulates all interactions between the children and is responsible for everything that happens to them.

Date added: 2016-07-22; views: 7880; ORDER WRITING WORK

Read «Marriage: where is the boundary?» — Cloud Henry, Townsend John — Page 1

Marriage: where is the line?

Foreword

In an ideal marriage, two human lives become one. But this is ideal. Problems constantly arise in everyday family life. How to solve them? How can two people get along? How to avoid conflict situations and at the same time respect the interests of each party? In life together, two personalities merge, but at the same time it is very easy to inadvertently hook and tear the thin fabric of the human soul.

In marriage, it is very important to determine the acceptable limits that we set for ourselves: the limits of our own individuality, freedom and integrity. In the book Marriage: Where is the Line? psychologists have tried to work out the basic principles underlying a happy marriage.

All works by Henry Cloud and John Townsend are very popular. Their book «Barriers» received the Gold Medal of the Association of Christian Publishers. The book «Marriage: Where is the boundary?» will talk about the principles, using which you can make your family life happy. You will be able to build a quiet family haven, where everything is based on mutual love, care and appreciation, create all the conditions for the full flowering of the personality of each member of your family. You will learn how to deal with infidelity and betrayal. The authors will answer the following questions:

• Why is it so important for a prosperous, blessed marriage to set certain boundaries and observe the Ten Laws of Marriage?

• Based on what values is the foundation and supporting structure of marriage laid?

• How to protect marriage from unsolicited advice from «well-wishers», interference from parents and friends, the pressure of circumstances, the influence of one’s own idealized ideas?

• Why should each spouse have their own private area where the other spouse should not interfere?

• What kind of relationship should be with a spouse who recognizes the need for certain norms of behavior in marriage and strives for their strict observance, and how to deal with someone who does not?

The book «Marriage: where is the boundary?» will be of interest to everyone: those who have just married, and those who have lived in it for many years, and those who are faced with a choice — to marry or not to marry. The book will tell you how to set the boundaries of your personal space, and how to respect the inviolability of such boundaries of a spouse. If a marriage is based on biblical principles, it is strong and durable, and it is not afraid of any breaks and cracks. This book will help save a failing marriage, and make a strong, happy marriage even stronger.

Professional psychologists, Ph.D. Henry Cloud and John Townsend are very famous people: they often lecture; they conduct a radio program “Learning to live in a new way!”, Which is broadcast throughout the country; the books they co-authored have gained wide popularity — «Boundaries in relationships with children», «What it means to be a mother», «Reliable people», «Twelve «Christian» principles that make you go crazy», «Barriers». Dr. Cloud is the author of Healing Change, Dr. Townsend wrote Don’t Hide From Love.

A Tale of Two Couples

Dr. Townsend Talks

The other day I was visiting two different couples that I have known for many years. Both of them are people of respectable age with a long history of family life. The number of their joint years was approaching the anniversary, which we call the «golden wedding». This period of life can be called the culmination of marriage: over the years, the relationship of loving people has become so strengthened and strengthened that now they are united by a deep, strong affection. However, I was unspeakably amazed by the huge difference in the relationship of the spouses in both couples.

Among other guests, among whom were my friends Harold and Sarah, I was invited to a cafe where a magnificent buffet was served. Each guest received a ticket for several specific dishes. The feast was held in a pleasant atmosphere. It was time for dessert. Harold took a ticket out of his pocket, leaned over to Sarah and casually said:

— Sarah, bring the cake.

He didn’t say, «Darling, please bring me a cake,» and he didn’t ask, «Darling, can I get you a cake?» He gave the command and had no doubt that it would be carried out immediately.

I was so shocked that I didn’t know how to act; I just sat and watched. It was noticeable: Sarah became embarrassed due to the fact that Harold demonstrated his unquestioning power in front of everyone. For a second or two she sat in confusion, feverishly wondering what to do. Then she quietly but confidently said:

“Why don’t you take the cake yourself?”

Harold looked a little surprised. It was quite obvious that his commands were always carried out clearly and unconditionally. And he got used to it a long time ago. However, he got up, casually cracking a joke about how difficult it was to deal with women, and went to the set table for a cake.

While he was gone, Sarah turned to me:

— Sorry, I’m so embarrassed. But I can’t meekly follow all his orders here in public?

I felt sincerely sorry for Sarah: it was clear that her behavior today was the exception rather than the rule. And I also realized that although Harold and Sarah are officially married, they are not united by soul ties. Their hearts are not connected by an unbreakable thread.

Here is another story. My friend Julia, also a family and marriage counselor, asked me to come to their city with speeches and lectures. I arrived and stayed at the hotel. One evening she and her husband invited me to visit. As I was about to leave, Julia got up to take me to the hotel.

But Frank looked at his wife carefully and said:

— Honey, you look very tired. I’ll take our guest myself.

It was noticeable that Julia hesitated: on the one hand, I was her ward, and on the other, she wanted to stay at home and relax. Finally she said:

— Good. Thank you.

And Frank gave me a lift to the hotel.

The next day during the conference, I approached Julia and started talking about how good Frank was, and I also noticed how difficult it was for her to accept his help. Julia replied:

— It wasn’t always like this with us. When we were 20 years old, it never occurred to him to offer to help. Yeah, I wouldn’t agree either. But since then we have worked a lot on ourselves, although there was a time when we thought about divorce. It was a difficult period in our lives, but it paid off handsomely. Now I can’t imagine how you can live together and not feel the state of mind of someone who is nearby.

All the time I was with this couple, I constantly felt the unconditional kinship of the souls of Frank and Julia. It was quite obvious that their hearts were beating in unison.

Both the couple have been married for many years. But their love-based relationship developed differently. The love of Harold and Sarah could not take root, sincere affection did not arise between them, because Harold put pressure on Sarah, and Sarah allowed him to do this. An extremely common conflict situation has developed in their family, when one person goes beyond what is permitted, behaves irresponsibly and disrespectfully towards another. When one of the spouses rules over the other, love does not reach the true depth and fullness, because in such a marriage there is no personal freedom.

It is likely that the relationship between Frank and Julia could develop along the same lines. At the beginning of their life together, as far as I understood, they behaved in exactly the same way. Frank took the lead, and Julia obeyed him. However, she soon realized that this was wrong. Realizing the disastrous consequences this could lead to, she somewhat limited Frank’s power, from which their marriage only benefited. It was clear that both couples were now only reaping the fruits sown in the early years of marriage. The first pair had a disastrous result; the second brought a rich and bountiful harvest.

Russia canceled marks in the passport about marriage and children

Alexei Kudenko/RIA Novosti

However, if desired, all previous entries can still be entered in the passport. In addition, the period for replacing a document upon reaching the age of 20 and 45 has been increased from one month to three, while the old passport will be valid for this time. And from July 1, 2022, the procedure for obtaining a new passport will take only five days.

What is the essence of the changes and why they happened now, «Rossiyskaya Gazeta» was told by the head of the Main Directorate for Migration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Police Lieutenant General Valentina Kazakova.

Valentina Lvovna, after the decision was issued, many felt that the institution of the family could be put an end to. After all, there is an opinion that marriage is a stamp in the passport. Something has changed?

Valentina Kazakova: Protecting the family and the institution of marriage as a union of a woman and a man is a constitutional and legal duty of the state. And no actual cohabitation is legally equated to marriage. In our case, the official registration of a relationship is not only a voluntary decision of a married couple to live together and run a household, but also a number of legal obligations to each other. The only documents confirming marriage and family relations are a certificate of registration or divorce.

Also the child’s birth certificate. Therefore, the stamps in the passport about marriage and children are secondary, rather informative. And if you wish — even after changes in the legislation on the passport — you can save them.

And the decision to cancel the stamp in the passport on marital status will not provide an additional loophole for a man to get away from alimony?

Valentina Kazakova: The stamp in the passport is not a marriage registration document. It can neither promote nor prevent the receipt of alimony in the event of a divorce. You can always find justice for a negligent spouse. The state has enough tools to identify the income it hides and measures to collect them.

Some believe that the abolition of the stamp will win approval in the so-called LGBT community. Does this mean that same-sex representatives were met halfway?

Valentina Kazakova: In Russia, legal marriage can only be entered into by the registry office. There is no registration of same-sex people. Same-sex unions are not recognized in our country even if an international treaty on the recognition of acts of civil status is concluded with a state where such relations are officially legalized!

Work has been completed on the digitalization of registry office data since 1926, and the unified state register of acts of civil status is functioning

In most regions, documentation of marriages is still kept on paper. Now it turns out that a person who is married, but without a stamp in his passport, can enter into a new marriage in another region or abroad. Will this lead to polygamy and fraud?

Valentina Kazakova: At present, work has been completed on the transfer of registry office information to digital media starting from 1926 years old In addition, since October 2018, a unified state register of acts of civil status (USR ZAGS) has been operating in Russia, where information is entered on the conclusion of all marriages in the country. Therefore, do not hesitate, a remarriage number without dissolution of the former will not work for any of the unfortunate spouses.

In the remote corners of our vast country, there is still not only no Internet, but sometimes even light. The passport is there with all the information entered into it — a vital and authoritative document. What about residents?

Valentina Kazakova: Let me repeat myself and remind you that the government decree says not about the abolition of stamps, but only about the abolition of the obligation to affix them. In addition, access to electronic databases of state bodies of all levels of government is now provided everywhere.

What about possible polygamy?

Valentina Kazakova: As you know, polygamy in Russia is prohibited by law. The provisions of the Family Code of the Russian Federation in this part remain unchanged. In Russia, only one form of marriage is officially recognized — monogamy, that is, the union of one man with one woman.

How commonplace is it now to get to your spouse in the hospital, especially in intensive care, where only close relatives are allowed? Indeed, in emergency cases, people do not have time to think about photocopies of marriage certificates…

Valentina Kazakova: In practice, doctors usually do not check documents. If a document is still needed, most often a passport is enough. Well, nevertheless, I emphasize once again: the presence or absence of a stamp is the decision of its owner, and not an obligation. That is, even when registering a marriage, spouses can decide to enter a passport.

Legal aspects of family relations are analyzed by experts of «RG» under the heading «Legal consultation»

Can the cancellation of the marriage mark create a dangerous situation when buying a home on the secondary market? How now to solve this problem and not be afraid of losing money when, after the transaction, a disgruntled spouse suddenly appears and sue the apartment back?

Valentina Kazakova: When dealing with real estate, stamps are not looked at. Lawyers always carry out a whole range of verification activities, carry out a full legal examination of the transaction. And not with the use of stamps in passports, but with the help of other legal institutions. In particular, they check primary documents from the registry office, notarized declarations. Government innovations will not have a fundamental impact on the real estate market or the procedure for obtaining an inheritance.

In passports, in addition to registration, marks on military registration and registration remain mandatory. In the civilized world, no one has been given such stamps for a long time. When will we remove these marks?

Valentina Kazakova: Further digital transformation of socially significant public services will allow abandoning these stamps in favor of rechecking the relevant information in federal registers. For example, registration at the place of residence, at the first stage for minors, we plan to transfer to electronic form by mid-2022.

What stamps are put in the passport and on what pages

Sergey Nemchinov

studied the stamps in his passport

Author profile

The passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation is the main document that certifies his identity on the territory of Russia.

In addition to personal data — full name, date and place of birth — special stamps are affixed to the passport, for example, about registration, military duty, previously issued internal and foreign passports. I’ll tell you which stamps must be mandatory, and which ones can be put on request.

How to obtain a passport

The process of obtaining or replacing a passport is described in the administrative regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. To do this, you need to submit an application, a birth certificate, two photographs, as well as data on marriage or divorce, military service, children, documents on changing your full name, if any.

For the first time, those who turn 14 and those who have changed their foreign citizenship to Russian receive a passport. Periodically, the passport needs to be changed — this is done at 20 and 45 years old, and also if it has deteriorated, worn out, lost or personal data has changed — for example, a woman got married and changed her last name. If a person received a passport and found inaccuracies there, for example, an error in the date of birth, the passport is also changed.

Issue or change the passport of the migration unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. An application can be submitted directly at the department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, through the MFC or the public services portal. It is faster and more convenient to apply through the public services website: there are no queues, the application and documents are sent electronically, and you need to come for a passport at a designated time.

The terms for which a passport will be issued may be different. For example, you can get a new passport in just 10 days if you apply to the Ministry of Internal Affairs at the place of permanent registration or, if you lost your passport, to the same unit where you received the previous one. They also quickly issue a passport to foreign citizens who have received citizenship while in Russia. From July 1, 2022, a passport will have to be issued within five working days from the date of receipt of documents.

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How to change your name in Russia

Government Decree No. 1205 of July 15, 2021 amended the legislation. Now only stamps in the passport on registration and military duty are required. The optional ones included marks of registration and divorce, a record of children and previously issued passports. These changes took effect on July 16, 2021.

Explaining the complex in simple terms

Understanding the laws that apply to you and your money. Once a month we send letters with the most important

What should be in the passport

What the passport should look like and what should be in it is determined by the state. In addition to information about the identity of a citizen — last name, first name, patronymic, gender, date and place of birth, special marks are also put in the passport. These marks in the form of stamps are applied in two ways:

Using a cliché stamp, dipping it in paint. Such paint is called mastic and can be of any color. For stamps in the passport, blue or black mastic is used. Next, enter the necessary data with a pen.
With a special printer. An employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs inserts an open passport on the desired page into the printer and a stamp is printed on the page of the document along with the necessary data. However, the signature of the official is applied with a pen. This method is considered more accurate, the stamp is located exactly relative to the passport page, and there are no traces of paint from the cliché stamp.

Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 828 of July 8, 1997

The necessary data is first written to the computer in special columns, and then the employee presses the «Print Document» button

The minus of a cliché stamp is that the entries inside are made by hand, so if the text does not fit into the size of the stamp, it turns out sloppy

The required data is first recorded on the computer in special columns, and then the employee presses the «Print document» button Minus the stamp-cliché — the entries inside are made by hand, so if the text does not fit into the size of the stamp, it turns out inaccurately

I’ll tell you what marks do in the passport.

Registration and deregistration stamp. This is often referred to as «registration» or «check out of housing». Such stamps are put in the departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for migration issues in the city of residence.

Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated December 31, 2017 No. 984

Passport.

Proof of ownership of the property or statement from the person providing the property.

Social lease agreement, if the housing is social.

The passport will be stamped within six days from the date of application.

A stamp with registration is required. It is looked at when making payments, when submitting documents to various departments, at banks, at the post office or at the police.

To obtain such a stamp, you need to submit an application for registration at the place of residence to the migration department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, through the MFC, through the website of public services and at the passport office of the housing management company in which you are going to register. The fastest way is to register directly with the Ministry of Internal Affairs by pre-registering for a specific day on the public services portal. The MFC and the passport office promise to complete the registration within seven days — an extra day is laid down for sending and receiving documents.

A rectangular registration stamp is placed on the fifth page of the passport and further on.

looks like

This is what the registration stamp	And so — a registration stamp, which is entered into the passport using printer
Even if the stamp is put by a special printer, the “Assured” column must contain the signature of the official	Registration stamp, which is made with a cliché stamp. Housing data is entered with a pen

This is how the registration stamp looks like And this is how the registration stamp is entered into the passport using a printer Housing data is entered with a pen

When a new passport is received, the registration stamp will be the first. If a person changes his residence permit, first they put a stamp on deregistration, and then on registration with a new address. To check out of housing, you only need an application. Removed from the register no longer than three days.

A citizen is obliged to register there within seven days after arriving at a new place of residence.

Art. 6 of the law on the right of citizens of the Russian Federation to freedom of movement in the Russian Federation

Stamps are put in the passport only with a permanent residence permit. Temporary registration is issued on a separate form according to form No. 3 and information about it is not entered in the passport.

When a person is discharged, this is also stamped

The printed stamp additionally indicates the code of the department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs

When a person is discharged, this is also stamped The printed stamp additionally indicates the code of the department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs The printed stamp additionally indicates the code of the department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs

Stamp on military duty. This stamp is given by military registration and enlistment offices to male citizens from the age of 17, when they pass the military medical commission. The size of such a stamp is 70 × 20 mm. It indicates the entry «Reserved for military service», the signature of the employee of the military registration and enlistment office and the date of assignment of this status. The mark «Reserved for military service» is placed on the 13th page of the passport.

paragraphs 34, 49 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 719

Such a stamp in the passport shows that a citizen is registered with the military and certain requirements apply to him: he is subject to military or alternative service, if there are no legal grounds for a delay, for example, studying in institute, the presence of two or more children, and must be registered with the military registration and enlistment office at the place of residence.

The military personnel who have already served and are in the reserve also have a stamp. They must also be registered with the military registration and enlistment office at the place of residence.

When the stamp is placed for the first time, a citizen’s certificate is issued stating that the person is subject to conscription for military service.

If the passport is changed, the stamp must be restored. To do this, you need to provide supporting documents to the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs — a military ID or registration certificate.

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How to get a military ID

The date of the stamp, the code of the department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the signature of the official who put the stamp is indicated in the stamp. In cases where the passport is not issued at the place of residence, and the stamp is put by a special printer, the code is not indicated.

For men, the page with a mark of military duty is regularly viewed — when entering a university, applying for a passport, or when applying for a job. So, the employer, based on the information in the passport on the page with military duty, will be able to understand whether a citizen is liable for military service or not. If a citizen is liable for military service, he is obliged, when concluding an employment contract, to present documents of military registration to the employer, for example, a military ID or registration certificate.

Art. 65 TK RF

The stamp is put in the passport when registering for military registration from the age of 17. For men and women, stamp samples are different. Women are stamped “Reserved for military service” after receiving a military registration specialty

What other marks can be in the passport

Stamp on registration and divorce. A marriage registration stamp confirms that a man and a woman are married on a specific date. Thanks to this, you can not constantly carry a marriage certificate with you. From July 16, 2021, an entry on registration or divorce is made at the request of a citizen.

The stamp indicates the full name of the registry office, the date of marriage, the full name and date of birth of the citizen with whom the marriage was concluded, the number of the record of the act and the signature of the official.

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How to apply to the registry office for marriage registration

The divorce stamp, respectively, shows the date of divorce and, if the certificate of divorce is lost, allows you to make a duplicate of this document without hassle.

The stamp indicates the full name of the registry office, the date of divorce, full name and date of birth of the citizen with whom the marriage was dissolved, the number of the record of the act and the signature of the official.

Previously, marriage or termination stamps were required to be affixed on pages 14 and 15 of the passport by employees of registry offices and territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. As of July 16, 2021, this mark has become optional. Now, if there is no stamp about marriage or divorce, this does not say anything about the marital status of the owner of the document. When a passport is changed, these stamps are placed after the person provides the original supporting documents — certificates of marriage or divorce.

Such a stamp is put in the registry office at the conclusion of marriage	Stamps that are applied by a special printer tend to look neater
Divorce stamp. Die size 75 × 40 mm	Divorce stamp made by a special printer
The stamp is applied at the Ministry of Internal Affairs when issuing a passport	If there is no special printer in the department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the stamp will be put as in the registry office

Such a stamp is put in the registry office at the time of marriage. Stamps that are applied by a special printer, as a rule, look neater. Divorce stamp. Stamp size 75 × 40 mm Divorce stamp entered by a special printer The stamp is applied to the Ministry of Internal Affairs when issuing a passport If there is no special printer in the department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the stamp will be put as in the registry office

Stamp on the international passport and previously issued Russian passports. A mark with information about previously issued Russian passports is put when replacing a passport, and about a foreign passport — when issuing it. Stamps put on 18 and 19pages using a mastic print or a special printer. From July 16, 2021, a record of previously issued passports is made at the request of a citizen.

In the imprint of the mastic stamp, empty fields are indicated for two issued passports at once. The first entry will appear when you replace your passport at age 20. An employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs will indicate the data of a passport issued at the age of 14. The second entry is when replacing a passport at 45 years old. An employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs will indicate the data of the passport, which was issued at the age of 20.

If you change your passport due to the loss or change of surname, they will put another one of the same stamp next to it when they issue a new one. Passports can be changed an unlimited number of times.

Previously, after the issuance of a foreign passport, an entry about it was immediately entered into the Russian passport. From July 16, 2021, this mark has also become optional. When replacing a passport, you need to ask for it. As a rule, foreign passports are issued for 10 years. And there are cases when a citizen has two foreign passports at the same time, for example, aircraft pilots. In this case, two stamps will be put in the internal passport at once. If the free space on the pages of the passport for stamping runs out, entries are made on the crust of the document.

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Why do we need two passports

The stamp will indicate the series and number of the previous passport, as well as when it was issued	The stamp applied by a special printer indicates sequentially information about all previously issued passports, both domestic and foreign
Die width 70 mm	Stamp on the issuance of a foreign passport

The stamp will indicate the series and number of the previous passport, as well as when it was issued The stamp applied by a special printer indicates sequentially information about all previously issued passports, both domestic and foreign Stamp width 70 mm Issue stamp of a foreign passport An entry on issued foreign passports of another citizenship is not made

Stamp about children. Entries about children are made by departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on 16-17 pages of the passport. Now this mark is affixed at will, although it might not have been there before. The agency can automatically enter information into the document when the child is first registered with the parents or one of the parents, when replacing a passport, if a citizen has presented birth certificates, or when applying in person to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Indicate data for each child under 14 years old — full name, date of birth and gender, and then affix the seal of the department and the signature of the official who made the entry. Children are entered in the passport only for those who have the citizenship of the Russian Federation. The record is informative and can confirm the fact of kinship. It supplements the list of information about the person who owns the passport. She cannot replace her birth certificate. From July 16, 2021, an entry about children is made at the request of a citizen.

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What documents are needed for a newborn

An entry about children over 14 years old is not entered

There are marks that are put at the request of a citizen.

Blood type and Rh factor. Such a stamp is placed in polyclinics at the place of residence or at donor blood transfusion stations. To do this, you need to contact the registry of a medical institution and pass a test to determine the blood type and Rh factor. After receiving the test results, medical workers put a stamp in the passport. This is what pages 18 and 19 are for.document.

When replacing a passport, this mark can only be put in a medical institution. It is not necessary to put a stamp in the passport, since no one will take it into account. If you need to transfuse blood, including urgently, doctors will always do an express test and determine the blood type on the spot. Data from the words of the patient and from the passport will not be trusted.

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How to become an honorary blood donor

This stamp will be the fastest to give blood donors Additionally, donors do not need to take a blood type test

TIN. A stamp with a TIN can be put in any tax office. To do this, you need to apply with a passport to an employee of the department for working with individuals. The authorized official will stamp the top half of pages 18 or 19 of the passport. In the stamp, the employee indicates the name of the tax office and enters the TIN in a special field. If there is no free space in the upper part, an imprint of the stamp of the tax authority is affixed in the lower half of these pages. When replacing a passport, this mark can only be put in the IFTS.

Order of the Federal Tax Service dated October 30, 2017 No. SA-7-14/831@

A stamp is optional, but may be useful. For example, in a bank, when paying state duties through an operator, you must specify the TIN. The bank employee will simply copy the data from the passport to the payroll.

It is convenient to have a stamp with a TIN at hand, for example, at the tax office I was given a stamp with a TIN in the Moscow region, although I am registered in Yaroslavl

What can not be entered in a Russian passport

Extra information, marks and records that are not provided for in the law, it shouldn’t be in the passport either. A passport that has extra marks or entries is invalid.

clause 6 of the Passport Regulations

State border crossing stamps. With an internal Russian passport, you can travel to Abkhazia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and South Ossetia. But border guards cannot put marks on crossing the border by analogy with a foreign passport.

If, however, they did, then the passport will have to be changed and the state duty must be paid.

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How to change your passport for only 220 R

Pasting photos of children. It is possible to enter children in the passport. But you cannot paste photos of children to these records.

And if you forge a stamp in your passport

If you buy a knowingly fake stamp, you can be punished for it. Sanction — restriction of freedom for up to a year, or forced labor for the same period, or imprisonment.

Part 3 Art. 327 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

An example from judicial practice. In 2016, the court of Samara imposed a fine of 6,000 R on a Russian citizen for a fake stamp with a non-existent registration, which was in her passport. The woman made it at the request of the employer in order to get a job in 2009year. Despite the fact that it is impossible to require a residence permit when applying for a job, the woman did not argue, but went to the crime. She got caught six years later, when she came to the ZhEK for help.

The court did not sentence her to imprisonment, because there were extenuating circumstances — she lived with two children, her daughter-in-law and granddaughter, and assisted her elderly parents.

If you do not make a registration — a fine in the regions from 2000 to 3000 R, and in Moscow and St. Petersburg from 3000 to 5000 R. But there is an exception. If I am registered in an apartment and my spouse, my children, parents, grandparents or grandchildren live with me without registration, they will not be fined.

Art. 19.15.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation

What you need to know about stamps in the passport

The passport contains marks that are often required in everyday life: data on registration at the place of residence, marriage or military duty. There are optional stamps that carry only limited information — TIN or blood type.
In no case do not ask to put stamps in your passport in circumvention of the law. You can be severely punished for this.
If extra stamps suddenly appear in the passport, such a passport is invalid and should be replaced.

Moving abroad with a child for permanent residence

Shtoyan Gayane

Lawyer of the Moscow Bar Association, mediator, senior lawyer of BGP Litigation family law practice

02 June 2022

Tips

If a minor leaves the country with one parent, the other will have to agree on relocation and agree on the order of their communication. Otherwise, the child may not be released from Russia. Or they will be returned to their homeland in case of moving, and the parent living with him will be recognized as an international kidnapper

People move to another country for various reasons. Some people think about relocation for a long time, while others make a decision in a matter of days or even hours. Moreover, emigration is often difficult. Especially those who move with a child who lives separately from the second parent.

Checklist for moving with a child: what should not be forgotten?

First of all, we suggest recalling the equality of rights and obligations of mothers and fathers, regardless of whether the parent lives with the child or not. All issues should be resolved by the parents by their mutual consent. This also applies to moving children. In the event of a change of his place of residence without the consent of the second parent, the minor, by decision of a foreign court, may be returned to the country of permanent residence. And a parent who decides to emigrate is recognized as an international kidnapper of his own child. How to avoid such problems?

How can I find out if my child is banned from leaving the Russian Federation?

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation takes into account statements about the disagreement of the legal representative for the departure of a minor from Russia. Through it, an appeal should be filed to find out whether a ban on the child’s travel abroad has been imposed. This can be done by filling out a form on the website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (https://mvd.rf).

1. From the main page of the website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, go to the section «Online services» — «Reception of applications from citizens and organizations». Or use the link: https://mvd.rf/request_main.

2. Mark in the list provided “Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation” and “Main Department for Migration”.

3. Click Continue.

4. Read the information about the procedure for submitting and considering an application.

It is important to pay attention to the terms of processing the appeal and take them into account before sending the request. The appeal received is registered within 3 days and considered within 30 days from the date of registration. If necessary, the specified period can be extended for another 30 days, as reported to the applicant. Therefore, the maximum time for preparing a response to an appeal is 63 days. The response will be sent in the form of an electronic document to the e-mail address specified during the preparation of the appeal.

5. Click «I have read the information» and «Submit an appeal».

6. Fill out the contact form. Mandatory fields are marked with a «*».

Recommended text of the appeal:

I, (full name), am the mother (father) of a minor child (full name, dd.mm.y.). I ask you to provide information about the existence of a statement of disagreement with the departure of my minor child (full name, dd.mm.yy.) and whether the departure of my minor child outside the Russian Federation is closed (full name, dd.mm.yy). Attached to the appeal are a copy of my passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation and a birth certificate of a minor child (full name, dd.mm.yy).

7. Click «Attach File» to attach copies of your passport and child’s birth certificate.

After that, it remains to wait for a response to the e-mail address indicated in the appeal.

How to lift a ban on a child leaving the Russian Federation?

1. Out-of-court procedure for lifting the ban.

A parent who has previously filed a statement of disagreement with the child’s departure from the country may file an application to withdraw his disagreement. An application for withdrawal is submitted personally at the place of application to the migration unit of the territorial body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the regional or district level.

If the parent lives in another country, then he can apply personally to the diplomatic mission or consular office of the Russian Federation at the place of permanent residence outside the Russian Federation.

The application is filled in Russian using electronic means or by hand in legible block letters without corrections, blots and abbreviations.

2. Removal of the ban through the court.

In the event of a dispute due to the disagreement of the second parent on the departure of the child from Russia, it is resolved in court. To do this, you need to file a statement of claim in the court at the place of residence of the defendant. It must reflect: the circumstances of the case; the purpose and timing of the trip; the state to which the departure is planned; evidence of violation of the rights of the child by the current travel ban.

The increase in the number of such cases allows us to conclude that a conscious and timely coordination of the move with the second parent will help to avoid many difficulties. In addition, it is equally important to create a favorable environment for the adaptation of the child in a new country of residence.

Freepik/@brgfx photobank

A step-by-step guide to launching advertising on Instagram for beginners

Meta Platforms Inc., which owns the social networks Facebook and Instagram, was recognized as an extremist organization by a court decision of 03/21/2022, its territory Russia is banned.

Instagram is one of the most popular social networks. As of April 2020, Mediascope estimates its monthly audience in Russia at 61 million people, 28 million of which check the feed daily. This is the fourth most popular social network, users spend an average of 30 minutes a day on it.

72% of users have an average or higher income level, 10. 5% work in managerial positions. Instagram ads are the right tool to tell these people about your products and services.

WEB-Index Mediascope about the audience of Instagram

Instagram belongs to Facebook, so you can run ads here in two ways: through the Facebook advertising account and through the Instagram application itself. If you run ads through the Facebook advertising account, then you will have access to all the features of this tool: retargeting pixel, dynamic creatives, detailed statistics. When launched through the application, there are fewer opportunities, but the interface is simpler and it will be faster to launch ads. In this guide, we’ll take a look at both tools.

Content:

Preparation
How advertising on Instagram
Recording Account
We Connect the Business Profile
We fill out the Account

Run the advertising through the Instagram
Weem, we move the history
Moving the history Facebook
Creating a campaign and choosing a goal
Setting up an ad group
Making an ad

Subtleties of advertising on Instagram

We will summarize

Running ads through the Instagram app

If you have connected a business profile, you can run ads directly from the app on your smartphone. It’s convenient — it’s just a few clicks before the ad starts. On the other hand, there are fewer options available than when working with the Facebook account.

You can only promote posts and stories through the app that you already have in your account. So first post all the content you plan to promote. Please note that you can’t promote IGTV posts right now.

Promoting the publication

Destination

Open the publication that we will use in advertising and click «Promote». If you are running ads for the first time, the application will tell you more about where you can send traffic: to your profile, to a website, or directly to direct. The first option is suitable if you want to attract new subscribers. The second is if you are promoting the site. The third is if you want to immediately engage the audience in communication, for example, so that they request a catalog.

Ivan’s is an online course for students and recent graduates. On his Instagram account, he publishes useful materials on the subject of the course: potential students sign up, get acquainted with free materials, gain confidence and then pay for the course. The account has both native posts with tips and life hacks and commercial posts promoting products.

Ivan connected a business profile and filled out the feed:

On the one hand, advertising on Instagram for Ivan is an account development tool. So when promoting native publications, he specifies the profile as the destination: users see useful content and subscribe to the account. On the other hand, it is a source of traffic to the site. So in commercial publications, he sends customers to a landing page: users see an interesting offer and go to the site.

If you select a website as a destination, the application will pull up the address specified in the profile settings. Here you can also edit the call to action if you are sending traffic to the site. By default, it is «Details», you can choose another one, to do this, click on the small «Edit» link in the «Your site» item.

Select the appropriate text on the button and click Finish. Then — «Next» in the upper right corner on the screen for choosing a destination.

Room

Let’s move on to setting up the audience that will see your ad. You can trust the algorithms and select the «Automatic» option, then the social network will look for users who are similar to the account’s current subscribers. This is a convenient option if you have an organic and active base that is interested in your products and services — in this case, Instagram understands which users to look for.

If you don’t have many subscribers yet, or if they subscribed to you because of contests and not for your content, it’s better to set up the audience yourself. To do this, select «Create your audience». Here you can specify the geography, interests, and demographics of your audience.

Specify the geography of potential customers in the «Locations» section. In the «Regional» tab, you can specify all the cities or countries that you plan to cover. In the «Local» tab, you can specify a specific address and the radius around it, from 1 to 30 kilometers. Convenient if you are looking for clients for a local business, such as a coffee shop or a beauty salon. Or if you have a limited delivery radius.

In the «Interests» section, in the free form, enter the interests for which you want to reach users. For example, «travelling», «cars», «raising children». Select the appropriate item, and the system will suggest similar interests.

Specify the age range and gender of the audience. For example, ads can be shown to women between 18 and 35 or men over 30.

Sometimes Ivan publishes entries that are aimed at readers from Moscow, and sometimes at those who live in the regions. When promoting different posts, it uses different geography settings. But interests usually do not change, its subscribers are actively interested in self-development, career, business.

«Places» is a mandatory section, «Interests» is an optional section. The application will tell you how many people match this set of descriptions. If the potential audience is small — usually less than 2500 users — the system will tell you that the potential reach is too narrow. Advertising in this case may be ineffective — few people will see it. To fix this, you can expand the geography and age range, or add additional interests.

Add a name and click «Finish» — the audience will be saved and you can use it for future campaigns.

Budget & Duration

Specify the daily budget for the campaign — from $80 to $20,000 — and the duration in days — from 1 to 30 days. low budget and short duration.

Ivan promotes each post from three to six days. He thinks so: less than three days is too short, the algorithm may not find the right audience. More than six days is a long time, the same people can come across the same post several times. And in the range from three to six, it is optimal: even if the algorithm shows campaigns to the same people, they will constantly see different content.

There are exceptions: if Ivan publishes a very important and viral post, or he announces a new product or event, then he runs the ad longer, up to 14 days. In this case, reach is important to him, and he does not worry about repeat impressions.

The campaign is ready to run. You can click «Promotion Preview» and see how users will see your ad in the feed, in stories, and in the «Interesting» section.

Add a PayPal card or account from which you will pay for advertising. Click «Payment», select a country and enter payment details. If you run ads from Russia, then keep in mind that the system will additionally charge VAT — 20% of advertising costs. That is, if the total campaign budget is 10,000 rubles, then in fact you will pay 12,000 rubles.

Click Create Promotion. The ad will go for moderation.

Promoting a story

Promoting a story works on the same principle — choose one of the published stories, indicate the platform you want to lead customers to, describe the audience, set a budget, and send it for moderation.

You can promote a story that you have posted within the last 24 hours, that is saved in your Instagram Highlights or is archived. Open the story, click on the three dots in the bottom right corner and click Promote.

There are several restrictions when promoting a story:

You cannot promote stories with clickable elements: hashtags, polls, user marks.
Stories that may violate the rights of others, such as gifs or masks from the Instagram collection, cannot be promoted.
You can’t promote stories that were published too long ago, the statute of limitations is about two years.

Tracking performance

You can track the results of your ads in the Promotions section of your profile page. For each promotion, the application will show the number of impressions, audience parameters, budget expenditure.

Launching advertising through the Facebook account

To launch advertising through the Facebook account, you need to set up a campaign, an ad group and the ad itself. At the same time, only Instagram must be specified in the placement settings of the ad group, then ads will not be shown on other sites. Let’s go in order.

The subtleties of advertising on Instagram

Advertising on Instagram must comply with the same rules as on other Facebook sites. Here are a few more recommendations that the social network gives for setting up ads.

Use a separate image format for Stories ads

Don’t use the same media for feed and story ads. Prepare a separate version of the creative with a 9:16 aspect ratio and use it for ads in stories. And for the ribbon, leave the standard rectangular or square image. Please note that if you promote the gallery through the Facebook interface, then the images in the feed can only be square.

Do not overuse text on creatives

Facebook has a negative attitude towards images, more than 20% of which are text. This can lead to the fact that ads will scroll more slowly and fewer users will see them. It is better to put the text in the description, and leave the image clean.

Consider the interface

If the image has text at the very bottom or top of the screen, the interface elements will overlap it: the profile icon on the top, the call to action on the bottom. To prevent this from happening, place them at a distance of 14-15% of the height from the top and bottom edges. If you are using an image that is 1600 pixels tall, back off 220-250 pixels.

Don’t forget that the user can turn off the sound

If you decide to promote the video, don’t forget that the user can view it without sound. If you plan to convey important thoughts with your voice, then duplicate them with subtitles so as not to lose such users.

Check your account statistics

See which of your posts get the most engagement: likes, comments, bookmarks. It is probably worth using such recordings for advertising — they resonate most with your audience.

Promote new products, services, and offers

Instagram promotion is a way to promote an upcoming sale, new product launch, or special offer. Advertising will help convey information about the new product to an audience that may be interested in it.

Don’t delay when using video in Stories

A story is only 15 seconds long — don’t put off showcasing your product or brand. If you use a long introduction, then some users may simply go to the next publications and not even figure out what you offer them.

Show, don’t tell

Show users the product in action: how other people use it, what are the non-standard uses for it, tell how you work on it. Tell a story, not just describe the benefits of a product.

To summarize

Advertising on Instagram can be launched in two ways: through the Facebook advertising account and directly in the Instagram application.

Prepare your account for launching ads: add an avatar, description, website link, contacts. Post several posts that will help users get to know your offer better.

Switch your account to a business profile. To do this, you need to link your Instagram profile to a Facebook page. It will take just a few clicks, but additional features will open up: you can view statistics, add information about the company, and run ads through the application.

Only posts and stories that have already been published can be promoted through the app.

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