Map of all the continents and oceans: World Map With Continents Printable [FREE PDF]

Tasks :

— to form students’ knowledge about the diversity of geographical maps, to combine the features of maps of continents and oceans, the main elements of their content;

— to promote the development of cognitive skills to compare, generalize the studied maps according to certain characteristics.

— to promote the formation of an independent organization of educational activities.

Expected results:

Students should be able to characterize the map, be able to read and analyze the map.

Equipment: textbooks, atlases, Physical map of the world, Physical map of Kazakhstan, Political map of North America, map of Akmola region, task cards, computer, interactive whiteboard, presentation

Lesson type: combined

Lesson progress

I . Organizing time.

II Checking homework.

1. Warming up at the card

2. Need to know (What do the numbers mean)

9000 7 3. Into the treasury of knowledge about the Earth. Job. Indicate with a pencil on the contour map in numbers all natural objects:

1. The largest continent of the Earth is ………….

2. The smallest continent is ……………….

3. The highest continent……………………

4. The largest part of the world…………………

5. The largest ocean………………………

6. The smallest ocean……………………

7. The coldest mainland …………………

8. The hottest mainland ……………………

9. The largest archipelago ………………..

10. The largest island on Earth……………

11. The deepest ocean………………………

12. The coldest continent………………..

13 The smallest part of the world……………..

Eurasia-1.3; Australia-2; Asia-3; Quiet-4.11; Northern Ice—5.12; Antarctica—7; Africa-8, Canadian Arctic-9, Grenl-10, Europe-13

P I . Learning new material

riddle:

“Countries without people,

Cities without houses,

Forest without trees,

Sea without water.

What is this?”

(geographical map)

Reporting the topic and purpose of the lesson. (slide1)

Epigraph «… a map is an incomparably more definite and accurate thing than

human speech, oral or written.»

N.N.Baransky

— Let’s remember what a map is? And the following diagram will help us with this:

What is

Essential features of

students fill in together with the teacher

Image of the Earth

On the plane

Reduced

Scaled

Using symbols

map

1. Map (from Greek — leaf) — a reduced generalized image of the Earth’s surface on a plane, in one or another cartographic projection and scale, that is, built according to a mathematical law.

— Pay attention to the epigraph of the lesson.

— How do you understand the scientist’s words?

The value of the cards is exceptionally great.

— What is the significance of cards in a person’s life?

— How important are they to you?

You already know that you can find a sea, a river, an island on a geographical map. Is it possible to make a geographical discovery with its help? Well, suppose to open a new island? It turns out you can.

Many geographic studies start with a map and end with a map. No wonder they say: «There is no geography without a map.»

Nowadays, the ability to perceive and understand cards is required for every person. Therefore, you must have certain knowledge in order to learn how to read them. Therefore, it is very important to know the content of the cards and be able to distinguish between their types.

— Are all cards the same?

Work with the textbook.

Pupils read the text of the textbook (p.16) and together with the teacher form a cluster.

Checking students’ understanding of the material.

Task : define the map (Physical map of Kazakhstan),

Reference : determine the map (plan of the area

M 1: 30,000),

1) by coverage of the territory, 2) by scale and 3) by content, 4) by purpose

Task: determine the map (Atlantic Ocean Contour Map Scale 1: 30,000,000)

1) by coverage of the territory, 2) by scale and 3) by content, 4) by purpose

Let’s return to the epigraph of the lesson. Can it always be true that maps never «lie» and are very accurate? (students express their opinion)

If the students find it difficult to answer, the teacher gives a hint: «The earth has a spherical shape, and the map is an image of the earth on a plane.»

— Where will the earth’s surface be depicted more accurately: on a globe or a map? (on the globe)

In order to transfer an accurate image of the earth’s surface from a globe to a map, map projections are used.

What are map projections? Find the definition in the textbook.

Map projection — a certain way of displaying the surface of an ellipsoid or ball on a plane using mathematical calculations 007 Sphere-to-plane transition

Distortion is inevitable.

Maps are not at all without sin,

And within different norms

Violate the lines, corners and shapes.

After reading this poem, what conclusion can be drawn? (On maps there are distortions of lengths, areas and angles.)

Projections are classified according to the type of auxiliary surface used in the transition from an ellipsoid to a map plane.

• Cylindrical (Africa, South America)

• Tapered (Eurasia, North America)

• Azimuth (Antarctica)

• Polyconic (world map)

IV. Remember

V. It’s interesting:

The smallest map

Nanomap is one of the latest antics of young scientists from the University of Ghent IMEC. 40 thousand kilometers are located on 40 micrometers, which is about half the thickness of a human hair, impressive!

The card itself is hidden in the corner of the chip.

The largest Atlas in the world

It takes six people to lift and open the Klencke Atlas. Atlas is 350 years old.

At 1.75 meters high and 1.9 meters wide, the Klencke Atlas remains the largest book and map book in the world.

The most expensive card

Located in the St. Petersburg Geological Prospecting Institute. This is a map of the Soviet Union made of colored stones and gems. Map area 22.5 sq.m. the stones are selected by color: green jasper to designate the plains, white opal symbolizes eternal snows, green amazonite — oases in the deserts, state borders are laid out from the orlets. The map was made by the cutters of Yekaterinburg, hundreds of people worked on it for 11 months.

V I . Reflection.

Work on variants. Make a description of the cards according to the plan.

Map characterization plan:

1. Name of the map.

2. Map view by area coverage

3. Map view by content

4. Map view by scale

5. Purpose of the map

6. Map projection

1 option — Tectonic map (atlas), 9 0003

Map of Akmola region

(wall)

2nd option — Physical map of the world (atlas),

Political map of North America. (wall-mounted)

VI I . Recording homework.

§ 3, p. 20, task 4 to § 3; be able to show natural objects from the “Knowledge Box”.

VI I I. Lesson summary

Cards are of great importance in a person’s life. They are grouped according to the characteristics: coverage of the territory, scale, content, purpose. Projections are used to create maps: cylindrical, conical, polyconic, azimuth

I X . Grading.

Physical geography of continents and oceans

The most significant natural complexes into which the geographical envelope of our planet is primarily divided are continents and oceans. They differ both in the composition of natural components and in the relationships between them.

The surface of the entire globe is 510 million km2. Most of it is occupied by the waters of the oceans. The term “World Ocean” was proposed in 1917 Yu.M. Shokalsky in the work «Oceanography». The world ocean is the main part of the hydrosphere, a continuous water shell of our planet (oceanosphere), which has a common salt composition. It occupies about 71% of the surface of the globe, i.e. 361.1 million km2 (average depth — 3795 m, maximum — 11022 m — Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean). Since 1845, there has been a discussion about the division of the World Ocean into its component parts. In different years, from three to five oceans were distinguished as part of the World Ocean. Now the World Ocean is divided into four giant water areas: the Pacific Ocean (50% of the World Ocean), the Atlantic (25%), the Indian (21%) and the Arctic (4%).

The share of land — continents and islands — accounts for only about 149 million km2, or 29% of the Earth’s surface. Continents (from Russian “mature”, i.e. strong, large), or continents (from Latin “continens” — continuous, continuous) are the most significant land masses, most of which protrude above sea level, and marginal parts ( shelf, continental slope) are covered by the waters of the oceans. Within the continents, a special — continental — crust is characteristic. It is much thicker than the earth’s crust of the oceanic type and has a thickness of 25 km under the plains and up to 70-75 km under mountain structures. In the modern geological era, there are six continents. In descending order of area, they can be arranged as follows: Eurasia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica and Australia.

Along with the division of the earth’s land into continents, geography has a conditional, historically established division into parts of the world. There are also six parts of the world: Europe and Asia into which the single continent of Eurasia is divided; America, which includes two continents — North and South America; Africa, Australia and Oceania, Antarctica. Some geographers propose to single out the seventh part of the world — Oceania, which includes a unique cluster of almost 7 thousand islands in the Pacific Ocean.

Islands are small (compared to continents) areas of land, surrounded on all sides by water. The total area of ​​all the islands of the Earth is a little more than 6% of the total land. In the oceans and seas, there are both single islands and their groups — archipelagos. By origin, the islands are divided into mainland , i.e. detached from the mainland as a result of subsidence or destruction by exogenous processes of marginal areas of land, oceanic , originated outside the continents (volcanic and coral).

Starting to study the nature of continents and oceans, it should be borne in mind that the characteristics of any natural region are built according to a certain plan.