Kenning of computer: Name a good kenning for the word computer. — Random Answers

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Film Education | Resources | Beowulf

  • Teachers’ Notes
  • First Glance:
    Posters and Trailers
  • Historical Context
  • Telling the Tale:
    Beowulf through the ages
  • Filming Beowulf
  • Characters
  • Narrative
  • Language:
    Angelo-Saxon to Modern English
  • Clip Activity

<<
Tasks 1 and 2

Language
Change

Language reflects history: it changes and adapts with contemporary
events and influences. The more cultures we are exposed to,
the more we pick up new ideas and new words to describe them.
For example, words like juggernaut, pyjamas and jodhpur are
widely understood but have only come into the English language
through contact with India in the days of the British Empire.

Here are just a few examples of words that have
recently been added to the Oxford English Dictionary:

Blogging |
Chav | Biodegrade | Bling | Texting | Hoodie

Student Task 3

Can you think of other
new words that describe modern ideas, things or situations?

Tricks of the Trade
Alliteration

Alliteration is used throughout
the poem Beowulf, and often modern translations of the text will
keep in the alliterative effects. You can see a clear example
of alliteration in this extract from the Anglo Saxon text:

381 …heaþorof hæbbe.
Hine halig god…

Which could be roughly translated as:

…battle-brave. Hail holy God…

Think back to the way that Beowulf was
first ‘written’ (see Telling the Tale:
Beowulf through the ages).

  • Why do you think the original poem, and the later versions,
    use alliteration?

Kenning

This is a poetic device used in Old English
where a person, idea or object is described using an unusual
combination of words. It is a bit like a metaphor: to give an
example, an Old English term for the sea was ‘hwael-weg’,
which means ‘whale road’ — the path by which these
great sea-creatures travel. Some ‘kennings’ seem
very strange to us now: ‘onion
of war’ is the literal translation of a kenning for sword.
Some examples are more complicated: to ‘feed the eagle’
meant to kill enemies, leaving their bodies to be eaten by birds
of prey.
Today the word ‘ken’ is used in Northern England and Scotland
to mean knowledge or understanding.

Can You Ken It?

Student Task 4

Have a go at describing something from the modern world using
kenning. Here are some examples to get you started:

Soldier: cannon-fodder |
Book: tree-born tale-teller

Words you could try kenning:
Motorway; computer; student…

<<
Tasks 1 and 2

Synronous Logic Kenning-Computer Logic Design-Lecture Slides | Slides Digital Logic Design and Programming

Download Synronous Logic Kenning-Computer Logic Design-Lecture Slides and more Digital Logic Design and Programming Slides in PDF only on Docsity! E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 1 Sequential Circuits Have considered only combinational circuits in which circuit outputs are determined entirely by current circuit inputs. We can include storage elements into a circuit that act like memory and store a system state. inputs outputs combinatorial circuit memory elements state Outputs are then a function of both the current circuit inputs and the system state. docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 2 Types of Sequential Circuits Two main types of sequential circuits (classification depends on how timing happens): Synchronous Sequential Circuits – circuit behavior is determined from the knowledge of signal values at discrete instances in time. Asynchronous Sequential Circuits — circuit behavior is determined by signals at any instant in time and the order in which input signals change. docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 5 Latches Latches are level sensitive storage elements; They operate based on whether signals are at logic levels 0 or 1, not on logic transitions from 0 -> 1 or 1 -> 0. Latches are not really too useful for synchronous sequential circuits (they are for asynchronous circuits), but form the basis from which flip-flops are built. docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 6 SR Latch (NOR Implementation) Illustrated Consider the operation of the following circuit: Q !Q R (reset) S (set) docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 7 SR Latch (NOR Implementation) Explained In general (one exception, see below), the outputs are complements of each other (this is why they are labeled Q and :Q): When S=1, R=0 the output is Q=1, :Q=0 and the circuit in the set state. When S=0, R=1 the output is Q=0, :Q=1 and the circuit in the reset state. So, S=1 (active high) implies set (Q=1) and R=1 (active high) implies reset (Q=0). When S=0, R=0 the output holds at its previous value (storage). When S=1, R=1 the output is Q=:Q=0 which is not desirable. We want to avoid this combination of inputs. docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 10 Latch With Control Input (i.e., Gated Latch) We can add an additional control input that acts as an enable signal. Consider adding some extra NAND gates in front of an S’R’ Latch. This gives us a SR Latch with control input. Q !Q S R C docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 11 Latch With Control Input Explained Q !Q S R C When the control input C=0, The inputs to the latch are both 1 which puts the SR latch into hold state. The latch outputs will not change regardless of S and R values. docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 12 Latch With Control Input (NAND Implementation) Q !Q S R C When the control input C=1, The S and R inputs will reach the latch and we can analyze the behavior. The NAND gates at the input to the latchresult in active high inputs: S=1 (and R=0) causes a set (Q=1). R=1 (and S=0) causes a reset (Q=0). docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 15 Schematic Symbol for SR Latch (With and Without Control Input) S Q R S Q R C Note: as illustrated, this means the inputs are active high; i.e., we set when S=1 (and R=0) and we reset with R=1 (and S=0). docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 16 Schematic Symbol for S’R’ Latch (With and Without Control Input) S Q R S Q R C Note: as illustrated, this means the inputs are active low; i. e., we set when S=0 (and R=1) and we reset with R=0 (and S=1). docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 17 Schematic Symbol for D Latch (With Control Input) D Q C Note: For a D Latch, the control input is required, since it is via the control input that we have the hold state. docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 20 Triggering Illustrated Response to positive level (a latch) – large window of time for output to change. Positive Edge Triggering. The input to the flip-flop just before the clock changes from 0 ! 1 causes the output to change just after the clock changes from 0 ! 1. Negative Edge Triggering. The input to the flip-flop just before the clock changes from 1 ! 0 causes the output to change just after the clock changes from 1 ! 0. docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 21 Negative Edge Triggered D Flip-Flop (Master-Slave) We can make a negative edge triggered D-type flip-flop (DFF) using two D latches. We connect the clock input to the control input of the first latch (master), and the inversion of the clock input to the control input of the second latch (slave). D Q C D Q C D Q CLOCK D Latch (master) D Latch (slave)Y docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 22 Operation of Negative Edge Triggered D Flip-Flop (Master-Slave) D Q C D Q C D Q CLOCK D Latch (master) D Latch (slave)Y While CLK=1, Y will follow input D via the master latch, but Q will not follow Y (it is in hold state) and will hold its current value. When CLK=0 (at the moment of change), Y will be disconnected from D and will hold its current value. Q will follow Y via the master latch. The effect is that the value of D just prior to the falling edge of the clock will get “transferred” to the output Q just after the falling edge of the clock. docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 25 More Efficient Design of a DFF Master-Slave is not the most efficient way to build an edge-triggered DFF. The circuit below acts as a positive edge-triggered DFF: Q !Q S R D CLK docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 26 More Efficient Design of a DFF Explained (CLK=0) When CLK=0, both S=1 and R=1 and the output latch will hold its state. Q !Q S R D CLK 0 1 1 hold docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 27 More Efficient Design of a DFF Explained (D=0 when CLK=0 ! 1) When D=0 and CLK = 0 ! 1, R = 1 ! 0 and the output latch goes into its reset state (Q=0). Further changes in D while CLK=1 cannot change R and Q=D just after clock changes. Q !Q S R D CLK 0->1 1 1->0 reset 0 1 Q->0 docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 30 Reset Illustrated The following circuit has an (active low) asynchronous reset. Q !Q S R D CLK RESET 0 1 1 1 0 0/1 reset/ hold docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 31 Schematic Symbols for DSRFFs (DFF With Resets and Sets) Active low set and reset signals. D Q R S Active high set and reset signals. D Q R S docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 32 Characteristic Tables and Equations We can describe the behavior of a flip-flop via a characteristic table. The characteristic table shows what the next flip-flop output value will be given the current flip-flop input value after the clock makes its active edge transition. The characteristic table for a DFF is: We can also write this as a characteristic equation: For a DFF, the output value becomes the input value when the clock makes its active edge transition. docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 35 Construction Of A TFF Using a DFF D Q T Q CLOCK T Q We can actually build a TFF using a DFF and a 2-input XOR gate. docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 36 JK Flip-Flops (JKFF) J Q K Again, another type of flip-flop that has different behavior compared to a DFF or to a TFF. Positive edge-triggered JKFF: Negative edge-triggered JKFF: J Q K docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 37 Behavior of a JKFF The characteristic table for the JKFF: We can derive the characteristic equation for the JKFF (I find it easy to explain via a K-Map): JK Q(t) 0 1 00 01 11 10 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 40 Definitions Setup Time (TSU): The setup time of a flip-flop is the amount of time that the data inputs need to be held stable (not changing) PRIOR to the arrival of the active clock edge. Hold Time (TH): The hold time of a flip-flop is the amount of time that the data inputs need to be held stable (not changing) AFTER the arrival of the active clock edge. Clock-To-Output (TCO): The clock-to-output time of a flip-flop is the amount of time it takes for the output to become stable (at its new value) AFTER the arrival of the active clock edge. docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 41 Comments If these timing specifications are not met, then it is possible that the flip-flop will not behave as expected. That is, if we don’t observe setup and hold times at the data inputs, then our output might not change as expected. That is, if we don’t wait long enough (clock-to-output time) for the output to change, then we might use an incorrect value. If we violate any of these timing parameters, then we have a timing violation. These timing parameters (as we will see later) have an influence on how fast we can clock a circuit. docsity.com E&CE 223 Digital Circuits and Systems Page 42 Timing Parameters Illustrated (Using A DFF) CLOCK D Q TSU TH D should not change in this interval TCO Q not stable (trustworthy) until this interval ends D Q docsity. com

Computer knowledge in resume — example

22 Nov 2018

Descriptions of program knowledge in resumes, as
usually indicated in the additional information section. HR advises to describe your skills
owning a PC and office equipment, even if your profession does not involve owning a specialized
software. What if
the profession requires advanced PC skills, it is worth describing in detail,
what computer programs do you know. nine0003

Section design

Pay attention to the structure of this
section. It is important to be able to present information correctly, so first evaluate
degree of computer proficiency, according to generally accepted standards:

·
Basic

Medium

Initial

·
Confident User

·
Advanced

Then stands
indicate what programs you own. If the list is large,
try to combine skills and programs into separate groups so that the reader
was as clear as possible when reading your resume. Remember that computer knowledge
will be a plus on your resume. nine0003

Basic office programs can be divided into five categories:

  • text and numerical data processing (Word, WordPad, Excell,
    Access, Power Point)
  • image editing (Photoshop, Picture Manager, Paint,
    CorelDRAW)
  • for interaction with office equipment (Scan, ABBYYFine Reader)
  • e-mail (Outlook, The Bat)

    • nine0031

    • search for information on the Internet (Firefox, Amigo, Chrome, Opera, Internet
      Explorer)

    An example of PC knowledge in an experienced user’s resume

    ·
    MS Office (Access, Excel, Power Point, Word, WordPad) are mandatory office programs that everyone uses.
    organizations.

    Outlook Email

    ·
    Opera, Firefox, Chrome, Amigo, Internet Explorer Internet browsers

    Picture Manager, CorelDRAW, Photoshop —
    image editing programs

    Of course, every profession requires knowledge
    certain skills. However, the above example is generic.
    necessary set for the modern worker. Read carefully
    submitted vacancy and requirements for candidates and be the first to indicate in the list
    those that a potential employer needs.

    Computer experience in the modern world
    is a necessity, so do not ignore this item in the resume. nine0003

    Set
    computer programs for assistant manager

    ·
    Confident user of office equipment (fax, MFP, PBX)

    MS office
    (Excel, Word, Outlook, Access)

    Opera, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox

    Outlook Express

    word,
    WordPad, PowerPoint, Access, Paint, Excel, Photoshop

    Abbyy FineReader
    nine.0 Professional Edition, MOSEDO

    Set
    computer programs for accountants

    MS Office (Word, Excel, Power
    Point, Access, Outlook)

    Internet
    Explorer, Opera, Mozilla Firefox

    1C 7.7, Trade + Warehouse, 1C 8.2, 8.3, Management
    trade, Salary + Personnel, ZUP, FIREPLACE, electronic reporting

    A set of computer programs for an economist

    Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, Outlook, PowerPoint),

    Guarantor, Consultant +, Chief Accountant System, System
    “CFO”

    ·
    CircuitExtern, SBS++ ; 1C-Enterprise

    A set of computer programs for the designer

    ArchiCAD,
    AutoCAD, KOMPAS-3D,
    ProSITE, SketchUp

    ·
    Monomakh

    ArtlantisStudio, 3dsMAX

    Photoshop, Adobe InDesign, CorelDRAW

    Windows, MS
    Office, Internet

    Set
    computer programs for system analyst (expert level)

    ERwin, BPwin,
    MS Visio, StarUML, Enterprise Architect, Visual Paradigm

    : MS Access,
    MS SQL Server, MySQL Workbench, Firebird SQL

    : MS Project, Project Expert, Jira

    languages ​​С/С++, JS, PHP): MS Visual
    Studio, Embracadero Rad Studio XE5-7, Borland C++, Aptana Studio, Adobe
    Dreamweaver OS

    Windows
    Server, Debian, Ubuntu, Cent OS, Elementary OS, LAMP, WAMP, Denwer

    Oracle
    virtual box. VMware Workstation, Bluestacks MISCELLANEOUS: Letograf EDMS, 1C, Cisco Packet Tracer, Mathcad, Evernote, MS Office, Apache
    OpenOffice LibreOffice.

    Computer program set for web programmer (expert level)

    PHP‚ AJAX‚
    jQuery‚ LeafLet‚ Perl‚ HTML5‚ JavaScript‚ XML&l

    PC

    A confident PC user? Seriously? / Habr

    How confident should a user be? In your computer skills? Turned on and running? Or more? And how much more?

    In today’s realities, computer skills for office workers seem to be a mandatory skill. But it is not clear how to measure it. Let’s see how confident the user is that he is a confident user.

    A small note — employees of an ordinary company are not required to set up a multi-level network or replace equipment in case of breakdowns and upgrade it. nine0157

    The list of skills that applicants indicate in their resumes is usually standard, but wide. Here and possession of office programs, and skills in working on the Internet, and the magic of handling printers, and various photoshops, autocads, corals. The top of the skills is the confident handling of 1C. With all at once 1C-ami.

    Communicating with applicants, the future manager or recruiter almost never focuses on these lines of the resume. But in vain. After all, an office worker spends most of his time at the computer. And how quickly he will interact with the “tool” depends on his real skill. nine0003

    Imagine a sad, but far from rare case: you took such a user, and he:

    • You don’t know at all that there are “hot keys” and all operations are done with the “mouse”. Copying, pasting, rescaling, printing, saving and a bunch of other operations

    • Does not understand what styles, markup, layout, style, line spacing, text alignment in Word are

    And many others curious and sad observations passed through my eyes. nine0003

    It’s not even the age of the employee, as you might think at once. I personally saw 20-year-old unique people with the knowledge of the natives. They, of course, sit “on the line” without any problems and watch serials, and then that’s it. Dark Ages. The whole essence of the problem is that modern employers do not have standard requirements for “computer users”.

    Basic tool proficiency test required. And believing a word here will cost you dearly. I’m not talking about specialized or non-common software. But the standard, “school” set needs to be checked. nine0003

    What should be done to make sure that the “user” is not lying?

    Everything is banal and simple. When a new employee leaves on the first working day or even before, open a laptop in front of a “confident user” or turn on the computer and give a list of tasks:

    • The printed one needs to be retyped. A third or a quarter of an A4 page needs to be typed in front of you. Check if the user can type with more than two fingers. Believe me, there are a lot of two-finger typists, and, believe me, this is the same as hiring a driver who will only drive in first gear.

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